¨ ¿Seguridad Democrática en Siria? Evaluación Critica de su Ausencia y el Impacto en la Consolidación de la Justicia Social (2011-2015) ¨

Abstract

This paper critically analyzes the absence of democratic security policies and their impact on human rights and social justice in Syria between 2011 and 2015. To this end, it conducts qualitative research with an interpretive approach, combining documentary analysis of official sources (such as reports from the UN Human Rights Council, OHCHR, UNHCR, and OCHA) with a semi-structured interview with expert Manuel Rayran Cortés. Based on the crossreferencing of information, it concludes that Syrian security policies do not respond to a democratic model, but rather an authoritarian one, focused on protecting the regime rather than its citizens. The measures adopted (such as systematic repression, the militarization of daily life, and the use of the judicial system as a tool of control) aggravated the conditions of social exclusion and generated a profound humanitarian crisis. A framework of five basic principles is proposed for rethinking democratic security from a human rights and social justice perspective. Finally, a comparative reflection on the Colombian case is presented, with the aim of drawing useful lessons for other contexts of armed conflict. The study contributes to current debates on security, rights, and peace from a critical and situated perspective.