Desarrollo de la empatía crítica a través de estrategias metodológicas que involucren el arte y la literatura para fomentar el respeto por la diversidad en el contexto escolar

Abstract

In the current context, marked by profound social, cultural, and educational transformations, schools have become fundamental spaces for the development of critical, empathetic, and inclusive individuals. Critical pedagogies, in particular, offer a transformative perspective that encourages questioning traditional structures, recognizing diversity, and promoting educational processes oriented toward social justice and human dignity. From this perspective, the present study emerged from the application of a diagnostic survey administered to tenth-grade students at El Salto Rural Educational Institution, located in the municipality of Gómez Plata, Colombia. The results revealed considerable diversity in students' ways of thinking, behaving, and constructing their identities, particularly regarding gender perspectives. The findings also identified manifestations of stigmatization, ridicule, lack of interest in others' experiences, and exclusionary behaviors that directly affect school coexistence and the overall educational environment.