De víctima a victimario: Comprensión de las transformaciones psicológicas en excombatientes del conflicto armado en Colombia.

Abstract

The object of this research is to study the psychological aspects of former combatants who have been victimized throughout the armed conflict in Colombia, and who at some point in their lives before entering the war were victims; therefore, there are many who have been exposed at different stages of their lives to events that place them in the position of victims, which today become an event or particularity that is not visible, which constitutes one of the problematic and complex situations for the country and the post-conflict stage in which it finds itself. There are many stories in which the actors of the conflict have been, in one way or another, victims and victimizers at some point in their lives; this has influenced their transformation as demobilized subjects and in their transition from victim to victimizer they have undergone profound changes in their psychological and emotional make-up. Therefore, this research proposes to identify the psychological implications, both at the identity, interactional and emotional levels, relevant to the peace and demobilization processes at present. Thus, the interest of the research is to understand the psychological transformations that occur in the transition from victim to victimizer, and the implications in the subject, in their inner self and in the way they perceive reality. This research is qualitative in nature, therefore, it is developed from an interpretative paradigm, which allows us to recognize the meanings that former combatants of the armed conflict in Colombia give to the psychological transformations they have experienced in the transition from victim to victimizer. The epistemology is phenomenological, which makes it possible to identify the consciousness of the subject from their experience and what are the elements that the subjects prioritize in terms of identity and other emotional aspects that occur from each role. A narrative method will be used and the life story technique will be applied to two participants who meet the inclusion criteria, with the purpose of recognizing the experiences of the subjects before, during and after their transit in the armed group, which offer the input for the interpretation of the object of study and the obtaining of the research results.