Evaluación del riesgo y capacidad de respuesta del sistema Palmeras del acueducto municipal ante deslizamientos y avenidas torrenciales en Mocoa, Putumayo

Abstract

In recent decades in the municipality, landslides and torrent flows have had the greatest negative impacts on the consolidated emergency care of the SNGRD (National Disaster Risk Management System). In this research, the risk and responsiveness of the municipal aqueduct system to landslides and torrent flows is assessed. In assessing the Mulato´s watershed at the risk of these natural events, 23 micro-watersheds were delimited, their physiographic characteristics, hydrological behavior were determined and a multivariate analysis was performed in order to obtain the maps of threat of landslides and torrent flows. On the other hand, each element of the infrastructure was analyzed, considering the risk index of the system and reliability within the period of design of the municipal aqueduct and its location risk. Finally, the contingency and emergency plan adopted by the lending company was analyzed as a risk mitigation to these threats.

The results of this research focus on two aspects. The first, the risk in the basin in the face of landslides and torrent flows and the second, the sectoral risk of the aqueduct infrastructure of the municipality of Mocoa. The Mulato River Basin is in medium and high threat to landslides, and half before torrent flows. The physical infrastructure of the aqueduct is exposed to a medium and high threat to landslides and high in front of torrent flows, with the driving line being the most critical component of these phenomena presented. Analysis of physical, institutional, operational, technical and economic components determined a high vulnerability of the aqueduct system. It was also found that the responsiveness associated with the Emergency and Contingency Plan adopted by the aqueduct service provider is average.

It was finally concluded that, for a return period of 20 years, the risk in the basin is medium in the face of landslides and torrent flows. Likewise, for the same return period, the aqueduct system presents an average risk to landslides and high to torrent flows, highlighting the conduction line as the only element with high risk. It should be noted that for return periods of 200 years (20 years for rain and 100 years for earthquakes) the basin presents a high risk of landslides and a half against torrent flows; the aqueduct system presents high risk for the two phenomena studied, with the adduction line and water treatment plant the most critical.