Maestría Gestión de Cuencas Hidrográficas
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/12845
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Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Estudio de amenazas de origen natural en la cuenca del río ila que afectan la zona ribereña en el casco urbano del municipio de la vega para generar estrategias enfocadas en la gestión del riesgo(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-31) Forero Urrego, Jhon Jairo; Coy González, Natalia del Pilar; Duque Pardo, Veronica; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000033879; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BrR3sQ4AAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-0256The analysis of natural hazards in the Ila River basin established that the urban area of the municipality of La Vega, Cundinamarca, is highly susceptible to flash floods, inundations, and landslides, as evidenced by the increased frequency and severity of these events. In this context, Vera Rodríguez and Albarracín Calderón (2017) define a hazard as a set of external and internal processes, of natural, anthropogenic, or socio-natural origin, capable of generating significant transformations in a system, either slowly or suddenly, and with the potential to cause damage to the population, ecosystems, and their livelihoods. Based on the analysis of secondary information, fieldwork, surveys, and community mapping exercises, it was determined that the main hazard affecting the urban area is the occurrence of flash floods associated with the hydraulic dynamics of the Ila River. These torrential floods have generated processes of undermining, sheet erosion, slope destabilization, sediment transport and deposition, and flooding in the riparian zone. Critical zones were also identified, conditioned by the steep topography, the climatic regime, and the presence of poorly consolidated sedimentary materials, in accordance with the findings of IDEAM and the Colombian Geological Survey. It was further established that the presence of geological structures such as the Supatá thrust fault and the Roble fault favors the occurrence of mass movements that influence fluvial dynamics, while the location of the urban area on alluvial deposits with a low degree of confinement increases its vulnerability to torrential events. These results confirm that the geological, geomorphological and hydrological conditions of the area create a significant threat scenario, given the level of exposure to the vulnerability of the municipality's urban development, where flash floods represent the main risk factor for the urban area and constitute a fundamental input for territorial planning and risk management in the municipality.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Evaluación del riesgo por inundaciones del río chicamocha en corrales (Boyacá), integrando la modelación hidrodinámica en HEC-RAS® con el conocimiento de actores sociales clave(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-08) Martínez Betancur, Lilia Esmeralda; Medina Ramírez, Mónica Lizeth; Orjuela Yepes, David; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001478579; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002513465; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=X3EHNHUAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7944-9710Flood risk was assessed for the Chicamocha River in the municipality of Corrales (Boyacá), integrating two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling in HEC-RAS® version 6.6 with knowledge from key social actors, as the first detailed study at 1:10,000 scale for this reach. Flood hazard was characterized through hydrometeorological analysis, flow estimation, and modeling for return periods of 25, 50, and 100 years. Vulnerability was assessed following the UNGRD (2012) methodological guide for 25 exposed elements and seven inhabitants, six of whom were evaluated for the economic vulnerability factor, as the police officer was excluded given that the economic variables considered did not correspond to his profile. Results indicate flooded areas below 3% of the municipality, predominantly low total vulnerability, and high risk concentrated in bridges and crops. Community validation adjusted the modeled flood extents and identified undocumented historical hydraulic interventions. The resulting maps constitute technical inputs for updating the municipal Land Use Planning Scheme.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Zonificación de amenaza por inundación teniendo en cuenta los parámetros morfométricos de la microcuenca hidrográfica Caño Los Pendejos localizada en el municipio de Villavicencio - Meta.(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-30) Mejía Álvarez, Paola Andrea; Narváez Tovar, Juan Camilo; Ruiz Suta, María Paula; Universidad Santo TomásThe Caño Los Pendejos micro-watershed, located in Villavicencio, Meta, was analyzed using morphometric parameters derived from a 12.5-m resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) processed through geographic information systems, primarily ArcGIS 10.8, following hydromorphological characterization guidelines (MADS, 2015; Gaspari et al., 2013). The main objective was to delineate the flood hazard zoning for the study area. Parameters such as area, perimeter, form factor, drainage density, slope gradients, and geomorphological features were evaluated. The results indicate a micro-watershed with an area of 2.92 km², high drainage density, and an elongated shape with a form factor of 0.79, suggesting long-duration flood peaks typical of morphometrically constrained basins. Very high hazard zones represent 0.34% of the total area, corresponding to slopes between 0–7%, while 8.22% of the basin—located in the piedmont transition—was classified as high hazard. These characteristics collectively define the micro-watershed as highly susceptible to flooding events.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , El Pato de Torrentes (Merganetta armata) como potencial bioindicador de la integridad ecológica en ríos andinos tropicales: El caso de la cuenca alta del río Saldaña (Tolima, Colombia)(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-16) Valbuena Vasquez, Luis Javier; Lopez Casas, Silvia; 0009-0001-4364-5656This study aimed to evaluate the Torrent Duck (Merganetta armata) as a bioindicator of ecological integrity in the upper basin of the Saldaña River (Tolima, Colombia). Although this species has been associated with high-quality rivers, gaps remain regarding which ecosystem components jointly explain its presence. The study was conducted in three Andean sub-basins (Amoyá, Siquila, and Cucuana), where 33 transects of 400 m were established. Duck presence, habitat variables (QBR, IHF, and SVAP indices), physicochemical water quality, and macroinvertebrate availability as a trophic resource were assessed. Species occupancy was estimated using occupancy models incorporating environmental covariates. Results showed that ecological integrity in fluvial ecosystems is expressed differently depending on the indicator used. The SVAP and QBR indices consistently discriminated transformed transects from conserved and semi-transformed ones, whereas IHF and physicochemical water quality (ICA) did not reflect detectable changes at the analyzed scale. This pattern confirms that ecosystem transformation is primarily expressed through riparian degradation and loss of habitat complexity. Overall, the results demonstrate that Torrent Duck occupancy integrates habitat condition and food availability, constituting an ecological response that reflects the functional state of the fluvial system. Accordingly, the species functions as a bioindicator of ecological integrity in Andean rivers, particularly sensitive to riparian condition and channel configuration, and should be used in combination with other ecosystem indicatorsTipo de ítem: Ítem , Análisis bibliométrico sobre remoción de metales pesados en aguas residuales para cultivos de arroz 2010–2025.(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-08) Peña Bohórquez , Alex Ferney; Mosquera Beltran, Yesica Natalia; Castro Guiza, Ricardo Emilio; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001428743; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000471623; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001659949; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bDD0MQkAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-3751; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0794-9414; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1319-2745In the current context of environmental management, understanding how scientific knowledge is transformed into technological solutions remains a fundamental challenge. This situation becomes even more complex when addressing issues such as heavy metal contamination in wastewater used in agriculture, where the environmental, productive, and social implications are profound. Within this framework, the present study proposes to develop an integrated analysis tool that combines bibliometric and patent indicators, with the aim of examining more clearly the relationship between knowledge generation and its application in technological innovation. To test this methodological proposal, the removal of heavy metals from wastewater used in rice cultivation is taken as a case study. This case is particularly relevant due to its effects on soil quality, food safety, and, ultimately, public health. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, using a non-experimental, retrospective design. Data from scientific databases such as Scopus and technology databases such as Patentscope and Espacenet are analyzed, covering the period from January 2010 to October 2025. The information was selected using the PRISMA method, ensuring a rigorous, systematic, and replicable process. The results reveal a significant gap between scientific output and its translation into technological developments, reflected in the limited correlation between publications and patents. Furthermore, regional disparities in the generation and use of knowledge are identified, as well as barriers in technology transfer processes, particularly in regions such as Latin America.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Propuesta de recuperación y gestión de la contaminación con metales pesados (Cromo y Plomo) utilizados en la industria de curtiembres en el Municipio de Villapinzón.(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-07) Guarín Vargas, Carlos Julián; Herrera Barbosa, Heidy Yohana; Monsalve Barragán, Mildred Liliana; Ortiz Penagos, Nidia Elena; Universidad Santo Tomas; 0000-0003-3871-8547This study analyzes the presence of heavy metals (chromium and lead) associated with the leather tanning industry in the municipality of Villapinzón, with the aim of providing technical and management input for the environmental improvement of the Bogotá River basin. Two sampling campaigns were conducted at strategic points within the municipality. The results were analyzed in accredited laboratories and compared with previous studies by the environmental authority. The analyses showed that the concentrations of the evaluated metals are below regulatory limits, although this does not imply their absence in the ecosystem. The research highlights the possibility of bioaccumulation of contaminants in soils and sediments, as well as the risks arising from the continuous use of water in economic activities. Consequently, it proposes strengthening environmental education, promoting cooperation among state entities, the community, and the tanning industry, and fostering projects for the recovery and sustainable management of water resources. This study constitutes a support tool for environmental planning and the integrated management of water resources in Villapinzón, contributing to compliance with the Bogotá River ruling and to the improvement of regional environmental quality.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Evaluación de la eficiencia del biocarbón en el tratamiento de aguas residuales del beneficio ecológico de café en Pitalito, Huila(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-06-24) Ortega Calderón, Yamileth; Vélez Chavarro, Efrén; Carvajal Flórez, Elizabeth; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001347928; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-8850This study evaluated the efficiency of biochar derived from coffee stubble in treating wastewater from eco-friendly coffee processing, through its application in the dosing chamber of a 400-series Modular Anaerobic Treatment System (SMTA), under real operating conditions. Physicochemical parameters such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), in situ Settleable Solids (SS), and Fats and Oils were analyzed using an exploratory assay with two treatment levels (80 liters and 100 liters of biochar). The average flow rate of coffee wastewater treated by the system was 0.012 l/s, a value derived from fieldwork. The results suggest reduction trends for COD of 47.245 mg-L O2, equivalent to 66%; for TSS, 39.330 mg/L was obtained, with apparent reductions of up to 96%; for SS, 19 mg/L was recorded, representing 95% removal; and for Fats and Oils, 1.560 mg/L was registered, corresponding to 87%. Although notable reductions in the pollutant load were observed, the values obtained did not comply with the maximum permissible limits established in Resolution 631 of 2015. The analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and exploratory tools; therefore, the results should be interpreted as indicative of trends rather than conclusive evidence. Consequently, the findings suggest that biochar obtained from coffee stubble could have potential as an absorbent material, although system optimization and experimental designs with replication are required to validate its efficiency. Due to the absence of independent experimental replicates, the results should be interpreted under a descriptive and exploratory approach; thus, the findings represent preliminary trends and not statistically conclusive evidence.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Zonificación de amenazas por remoción en masa usando la metodología de Mora y Vahrson en La Cuenca del Río Las Ceibas: un enfoque comparativo con registros históricos(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-06) Sandoval Sierra, Elisa Mercedes; Torres Tovar, Rubiel Andres; Paz Tenorio, Jorge Antonio; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=1K9-TEEAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001611449; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7071-7558The Las Ceibas River watershed, located in the department of Huila, has historically been affected by Landslides, with more than 800 events recorded in different sectors of the territory. These phenomena, associated with physical conditions such as slope, lithology, soil moisture, seismicity, and precipitation, constitute a scenario of persistent hazard for the watershed’s ecosystems and the local population. The main objective of this study is to validate the reliability of the Mora and Vahrson model for landslide hazard zoning in the Las Ceibas River watershed by comparing the results obtained with the historical landslide inventory.Methodologically, the research was developed with a geospatial and comparative approach, integrating conditioning and triggering factors established in the model. The processing and analysis of the information were carried out through geographic information system technologies, using official inputs such as the Digital Elevation Model provided by CAM at a 1:25,000 scale, the geological cartography of the Colombian Geological Survey at a 1:100,000 scale, and the hydrometeorological records of IDEAM corresponding to the stations located within and in the immediate surroundings of the watershed. These inputs were complemented with the historical mass movement inventories obtained by the SGC and CAM, which were used for model validation.The results demonstrated a geospatial relationship between areas classified as moderate and medium hazard and the concentration of historical events, which confirmed the model’s ability to represent real patterns of landslides occurrence within the watershed. In conclusion, the Mora and Vahrson model proved to be a reliable tool as a diagnostic input for risk management and territorial planning at the watershed scale, providing technical criteria that can support decision-making in territories with complex geomorphological and climatic conditions.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Evaluación, entre 1975 y 2025, de la dinámica multitemporal de la cobertura vegetal y del espejo de agua de la laguna Chingaza, en el parque nacional natural Chingaza, para comprender cómo la variabilidad y el cambio climático, junto con presiones antrópicas históricas, han incidido en su comportamiento hidrológico y ecológico(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-05-21) Palacios González, Ilya Geraldine; Quintana Leal, Edwar Armando; Bustos Ruiz , Leidy Dayana; Palacios González, Jordi Rafael; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000066875; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002222304; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000027519; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-8533This study analyzes the multitemporal dynamics of vegetation and water surface area in the Chingaza Lagoon basin during the period 1990–2025, using satellite imagery and spectral indices such as NDVI and MNDWI. The objective was to evaluate the relationship between variations in land cover, water availability, and climatic factors in a páramo ecosystem under a protected regime. The results show high system stability, with minimal variation in water surface area (3.6 ha) over 35 years, which contrasts with the severe degradation observed in other high-Andean wetlands. The lagoon's hydrological dynamics are primarily controlled by precipitation, exhibiting high sensitivity to extreme climatic events associated with the ENSO phenomenon. In particular, the 2015–2016 El Niño event caused the greatest contraction of the water surface area, confirming the system's vulnerability to water deficits. In contrast, temperature showed a secondary influence, while evapotranspiration remained relatively stable, suggesting regulatory mechanisms typical of high-mountain ecosystems. NDVI analysis reveals a positive trend in plant vigor, associated with passive ecological succession processes and the recovery of native vegetation cover, especially grasslands, at the expense of cleared pastures. Despite its ecological stability, the watershed faces pressures stemming from water demand for urban supply, as well as historical socio-environmental factors and peripheral human activities. In this context, climate change projections represent a significant threat, increasing the frequency of extreme events and altering the bioclimatic conditions of the páramo.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Caracterización socioambiental de la parte alta de la cuenca del río Andágueda, Municipio de Bagadó, para proponer estrategias de gestión sostenible de los recursos naturales.(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-05-20) Moreno Gracia, Jhohan Cristopher; Jiménez Llanos, Manuel; Medina Arroyo, Henry Hernan; Torres Torres, Jhon Jerley; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000825263; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000011957; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001706284; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NU1aWaoAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9596-9054; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0503-837X; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4560-4309The upper Andágueda River basin, located in the municipality of Bagadó (Chocó, Colombia), represents a strategic socio-environmental system for water supply and the sustainability of local productive and sociocultural dynamics. However, this basin is subject to multiple pressures derived from socioeconomic practices such as gold mining, traditional agricultural activities, human settlement expansion, and limitations in water governance, all of which affect water quality and territorial stability. This study aimed to conduct a socio environmental characterization of the upper Andágueda River basin by integrating secondary spatial information, documentary analysis, and community perceptions, in order to provide inputs for the formulation of participatory strategies for sustainable territorial management. A mixed-methods approach was applied, combining thematic cartography analysis, institutional data review, and participatory tools such as semi-structured interviews and community workshops. The results indicate that anthropogenic dynamics (particularly mining activities and unplanned land use) generate socio-environmental conflicts related to water quality, sedimentation processes, and increased vulnerability to extreme events. Additionally, a high level of local knowledge about the basin and a strong willingness to participate in management processes were identified, despite persistent institutional weaknesses and limited intersectoral coordination. The study concludes that integrating spatial analysis with local knowledge is a key strategy for strengthening sustainable basin management, enabling context-specific and culturally appropriate solutions aligned with the environmental and social realities of the territory.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Evaluación de la eficiencia del biocarbón obtenido a partir de la zoca en el compostaje de subproductos del café en el área de influencia de la Cuenca del Río Guarapas en el Departamento del Huila.(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-05-08) Calderón Vargas, Adriana Calderón; Trujillo Vela, Daniela Trujillo; Castillo De Herrera, Mercedes; Saldarriaga Ramírez, Carolina; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000581461; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000388726; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002232301; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002232218; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=z1kJhpoAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=QDwvhvEAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0058-0810; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6460-563XCoffee pulp is a by-product that can become a potential source of contamination in the watershed area of the Guarapas River. Likewise, the biomass resulting from coffee plantation renewal through the stumping method lacks adequate utilization strategies. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating coffee stumping biochar into the composting of coffee pulp, through the physicochemical characterization of the resulting compost and its comparison with the standards established in the Colombian Technical Standard NTC 5167:2022. The experiment was conducted at Villa Matilde farm, located in the Honda Porvenir village, in the municipality of Pitalito, Huila. The physical properties and lignocellulosic content of coffee stumping biochar were analyzed, as well as the effect of biochar incorporation into coffee pulp composting under two treatments as follows: T1 70/30 (70% coffee pulp and 30% biochar) and T2 80/20 (80% coffee pulp and 20% biochar), both with three replicates, and a control treatment (coffee pulp without treatment). Finally, the physicochemical parameters of the compost were evaluated and compared with the Colombian Technical Standard NTC 5167 (2022). Keywords: watershed, biochar, zoca coffee, coffee pulp, composting, NTC 5167.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Evaluación de la oferta hídrica disponible para el sistema de abastecimiento del municipio de Ibagué ante escenarios de cambio climático(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-05-07) Ballesteros Cantor, Eduwar Steven; Cañon Ramos, Miguel Angel; Universidad Santo Tomas; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001610917; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-450X; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5419-8665This document, entitled "Evaluation of the Available Water Supply for the Ibagué Municipality's Water System Under Climate Change Scenarios," focuses on the Combeima River basin, the main source of drinking water for the population. This project arose from the need to analyze the impact of climate variability and the observed decrease in river flows. The study methodology was developed in three stages. The first stage involved the collection, refinement, and analysis of hydrometeorological data, including precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, and flows, evaluating the criteria of quality, completeness, and statistical consistency. Simultaneously, the basin's morphometry was carried out using GIS tools and digital elevation models, allowing for an understanding of its hydrological behavior. The second stage involved implementing the GR4J hydrological model, which was calibrated and validated using daily historical series of flows, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration. This model allows for the simulation of the basin's hydrological behavior and the estimation of water supply under current conditions. Following this, for the third stage, future water supply was evaluated by incorporating climate projections from the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, using global circulation models and socioeconomic scenarios SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5. The projections were adjusted through downscaling, bias correction, and REA assembly processes, generating future daily series of precipitation, temperature, and potential evapotranspiration that feed the hydrological model for simulating future flows. The results show a progressive decrease in available water supply under the different climate scenarios, accompanied by an increase in demand associated with population growth. The comparison between supply and demand demonstrates water deficit conditions, especially in scenarios with higher emissions, compromising the long-term sustainability of the water supply. Finally, adaptation recommendations are proposed, focusing on efficient demand management, the protection of regulatory ecosystems, strengthening water storage, and resource planning under climate change criteria. These results provide a technical input for decision-making in integrated water management and territorial planning for the municipality of Ibagué.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Determinación de la modificación de los patrones hidrológicos a causa del cambio climático y los cambios de uso del suelo en el PNR Páramo Pan de Azúcar – El Consuelo, ubicado en el departamento de Boyacá(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-05-05) Manosalva Cely, Ingrid; Vargas Terranova, Camilo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001639098; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000183106; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qtOD3gIAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; ttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1926-7026The study analyzed the hydrological dynamics of the Pan de Azúcar – El Consuelo Regional Natural Park (Boyacá, Colombia) in response to the combined effects of climate change and land-use transformation during the period 1984–2024. The research was conducted under a quantitative and explanatory approach, integrating hydroclimatic, multitemporal, and hydrological modeling analyses to diagnose patterns of water supply and regulation in the páramo ecosystem. The results indicated a mean annual precipitation of 1,468.47 mm, an annual potential evapotranspiration of 850.1 mm, and a positive water balance of 618 mm·yr⁻¹, values that characterize a humid regime controlled by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the porous structure of andisol and peat soils, which are responsible for the system’s hydrological regulation. Minimum temperatures exhibited a sustained increase of +0.4 °C per decade, while maximum temperatures remained relatively stable, evidencing a nocturnal warming trend and a reduction in diurnal temperature range, consistent with the patterns described by the IPCC (2023) for tropical mountain ecosystems. The multitemporal land-cover analysis revealed a 5.3% loss of natural forest within the protected area and an increase in agro-pastoral mosaics, indicating progressive landscape fragmentation and a decline in ecohydrological connectivity. Regarding hydrological modeling, the GR2M model achieved satisfactory performance, reliably reproducing the monthly simulated discharge relative to the proxy flow. Meanwhile, the SWAT model enabled the spatial characterization of runoff generation, groundwater recharge, and baseflow, showing a spatial correspondence between high-recharge zones and the natural páramo and high Andean forest covers, thereby validating the ecosystem’s role as an ecohydrological regulator within the basin. Both models confirmed a decrease in baseflow and greater interannual variability, reflecting a progressive loss of water storage and buffering capacity in the system. Based on these findings, technical recommendations for ecohydrological conservation and restoration were formulated, aimed at strengthening hydrological functionality, implementing adaptive climate monitoring, and promoting nature-based territorial management strategies. These guidelines consolidate the protected area as a climatic observatory and strategic hydrological regulator for the middle Chicamocha River basin, essential to regional environmental resilience and water security under future warming scenarios.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , "Evaluación del conflicto hidrosocial por la actividad minera de cobre en la cuenca alta del Río Mocoa, Departamento del Putumayo, Colombia"(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-20) Bravo Otaya, Francisca Gisela; Parra Sánchez, Maira Alejandra; Castro Fajardo, Hermes; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001420958; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002143123; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0shJuK8AAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4115-7069; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5978-8787The research analyzed the hydrosocial conflict generated by copper mining in the upper Mocoa River basin (Putumayo, Colombia), a highly ecologically fragile territory where strategic ecosystems, indigenous and peasant communities converge, and the Libero Copper mining exploration project. The problem arises from the overlap of mining titles with protected areas such as the Cuenca Alta Forest Reserve, uncertainty about water impacts, and community mistrust of institutions. The overall objective was to propose a sustainable management model for handling and resolving the conflict. A qualitative approach was adopted using a participatory action research method, employing social cartography, problem trees, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups with institutional, community, and academic actors. The results show polarization between actors in favor, neutral, and against the project, with a predominance of critical positions linking mining to risks of water contamination, health impacts, and social breakdown. It is concluded that the conflict transcends the environmental, revealing power struggles, institutional weaknesses, and conflicting development models. Participatory strategies are proposed that are oriented toward transformative dialogue, strengthening water governance, community environmental monitoring, and legal defense of the territory, integrated into the Basin Management Plan.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Análisis de vulnerabilidad ante amenazas de inundación en la cuenca baja del río Bita, municipio de Puerto Carreño – Vichada(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-09) Ocampo Bautista, Viviana Catalina; Carreño Mendoza, Eliany Pierina; Orjuela Yepes, David; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001478579; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002113287; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=X3EHNHUAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7944-9710This study addresses social vulnerability to floods in the lower basin of the Bita River, municipality of Puerto Carreño, Vichada, a region historically affected by recurrent flooding events causing devastating effects on local communities. Due to fragile socioeconomic conditions, inadequate institutional management, and increasing environmental degradation, this area faces constant threats that have severely impacted thousands of people and resulted in significant material damage. The general objective of the research is to comprehensively analyze social vulnerability to these natural hazards and propose specific strategies to mitigate risks and strengthen local adaptive capacities. A mixed methodology is employed, combining quantitative techniques such as structured surveys and statistical analysis, with qualitative methods including direct observation, and risk assessment using official matrices from Colombia’s National Disaster Risk Management Unit (UNGRD). The results include identifying critical conditions that heighten population exposure, particularly in vulnerable sectors, and defining practical measures for more effective risk management. It concludes that an effective and integrated response to flooding requires enhancing local institutional capacities, fostering active community participation, and strategically conserving natural ecosystems as protective barriers against disasters. This study significantly contributes to regional sustainability and resilience in facing extreme climate phenomena. Keywords: Social vulnerability, floods, risk management, community resilience, river basin, Bita River.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Diseño de un plan de monitoreo comunitario para la determinación de la calidad del agua de la Quebrada El Monte como herramienta participativa-pedagógica en la vereda Chocoa del Municipio de Girón, Santander(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-08) Jiménez Rojas, Alejandra; Márquez Prada, María Juliana; Saldarriaga Ramírez, Carolina; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000388726; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001567552; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002176492; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=QDwvhvEAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6460-563X; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7108-5978; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2157-6644The preservation and monitoring of water resources are essential for environmental sustainability and community well-being. The rural community of Chocoa, where El Monte stream is located, has faced significant environmental challenges over the years. This water source is fundamental for the community’s supply and daily activities. The absence of a participatory monitoring system poses risks to both the health of residents and the natural environment, highlighting the need for a plan that enables community-based evaluation of water quality. This project proposes a Community Monitoring Plan aimed at protecting the stream while simultaneously empowering the community. The initiative seeks to strengthen local organization and promote active participation innatural resource management as a response to the environmental threats facing the territory.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Diseño de una alternativa de planificación urbana sostenible que contribuya a una reducción de riesgos de inundación en la parte baja de la cuenca del Río Cabí en el municipio de Quibdó – Chocó(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-13) José Alber Lemos Lozano; Mercedes Castillo de Herrera; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000581461; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=z1kJhpoAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0058-0810This research focuses on Sustainable Urban Planning and Flood Risk Reduction in the lower Cabí River basin, in the municipality of Quibdó, Chocó. Its overall objective is to design a sustainable urban planning alternative that contributes to mitigating flood risks in this area. To achieve this, a mixed methodological approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative methods through surveys, interviews, and focus groups, using Excel software for data analysis. The study is exploratory and descriptive, which allowed for the identification of effective strategies to address the problem. The research is justified by its social and environmental relevance, as it not only directly benefits the inhabitants of the Cabí River basin but also offers a replicable model for assessing urban vulnerability and designing sustainable solutions in territories with similar characteristics. Furthermore, the results contribute to the formulation of public policies, the development of infrastructure projects, and the creation of flood risk management strategies. The statistical analysis showed a clear correlation between environmental factors, such as flood frequency and severity, and the perception of public infrastructure, highlighting that a lack of information and project visibility reduces trust in public management. The main conclusion was that the existing drainage infrastructure does not adequately meet community needs to prevent flooding, underscoring the urgency of implementing sustainable and participatory solutions in the region.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Guía metodológica para la gestión del riesgo por Inundaciones en la zona urbana de Útica, Cundinamarca(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-13) Triana Forero, Noriell Andrea; Vargas Terranova, Camilo Andrés; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001639098; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qtOD3gIAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1926-7026The importance of a methodological guide for flood risk management in the urban area of Útica, Cundinamarca, lay in the need to systematically address the recurring challenges that flooding has presented over the years. Due to its location at the intersection of the Quebrada Negra and the Río Negro, the risk and threat of flooding have been constant; Útica has faced significant flooding incidents in 1963, 1988, 1990, and 2011. These events highlighted the urgent need for a structured and coherent approach to mitigate the impact of future flooding and protect the population and its urban infrastructure. The development of the methodological guide consisted of a detailed process of identifying and evaluating elements that must be taken into account for flood risk management in urban areas. This analysis found that monitoring hydrological and climatic conditions alone is not sufficient for effective management; it is also necessary to conduct a comprehensive review of the environmental and socioeconomic factors that increase Útica's vulnerability to this risk. The guide was designed to provide a comprehensive and applicable framework, offering precise guidelines that enable local authorities and residents to implement effective preventive and response measures. With the aim of creating a clear and effective procedure to help prevent and address the risk of flooding in the urban area of Útica, this guide was developed to provide the municipality with a tool to facilitate the planning and implementation of preventive actions, as well as the optimization of resources in emergency situations. In conclusion, the methodological guide for flood risk management in Útica was designed to serve as a fundamental pillar for the integration of technical and local knowledge. It provides authorities and the community with a strategic resource for disaster risk reduction, promoting a culture of prevention and resilience by establishing a set of clear, evidence-based steps, thus ensuring greater response capacity and protection against the inevitable climatic contingencies to which the municipality of Útica is exposed.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Gestión hídrica en la cuenca alta del río chicamocha ante cambio climático en Tunja, Boyacá(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-09) Suárez García, Danna Alejandra; Orjuela Yepes, David; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001478579; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=X3EHNHUAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7944-9710This research analyzes water resource management in the upper basin of the Chicamocha River in Tunja (Boyacá), Colombia, in the context of climate change impacts. This basin plays a key role in supplying water for human consumption, agriculture, and other economic activities in the region. However, in recent decades several challenges have emerged, including climate variability, increasing water demand, contamination from wastewater discharges, and pressure from agricultural activities, which have affected both the availability and quality of water resources. The main objective of the study is to propose lines of action for integrated and adaptive water resource management, considering the potential impacts of climate change on the hydrological system of the basin. To achieve this, the research is structured in several methodological phases. First, a hydrological, climatic, and geomorphological characterization of the basin is carried out using meteorological station data, statistical analysis of variables such as precipitation and temperature, and the use of indicators such as the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) to evaluate hydrological risk. Next, a hydrological and climate modeling process is developed using geospatial tools such as QGIS and the QSWAT extension, which allows the simulation of the basin’s hydrological behavior under different climate scenarios. This modeling analyzes variables such as runoff, infiltration, relative humidity, sediment transport, and flood-risk areas, helping to evaluate how these processes could change in the future due to climate change. Based on the results obtained, the study identifies several vulnerabilities in the hydrological system, mainly related to precipitation variability, rising temperatures, human pressures on the territory, and the pollution of the Chicamocha River, which has been considered one of the most environmentally impacted rivers in Colombia. These conditions highlight the need to strengthen water planning and management processes within the basin. Finally, the research proposes strategies for integrated and adaptive water resource management aimed at improving the sustainability of the hydrological system, strengthening water governance, promoting efficient water use, and increasing territorial resilience to climate change impacts. These actions are intended to support decision-making by institutions and local stakeholders, contributing to ensuring water availability for present and future generations.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Evaluación de las áreas de desoves de los peces migratorios en el río Cauca antes (2019-2022) y después (2023-2024) de la operación de las primeras turbinas del Proyecto Hidroeléctrico Ituango(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-02-12) Madariaga Mendoza, Juan Carlos; Atencio Garcia, Victor; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qNBt5MIAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2533-1995The embankment of rivers for the generation of electricity is one of the main causes of impacts on the fish resource, particularly on migratory fish. The objective of the study was to evaluate the spawning areas of the downstream migratory fish of the Ituango Hydroelectric Project (PHI) before (2019-2022) and after (2023-2024) the first two energy generation turbines in the Cauca River came into operation. The spawning areas of migratory fish were estimated in two periods: one prior to power generation (2019-2022) and another after the start of operation of the first two PHI generation turbines (Ituango, Antioquia) on November 30, 2022, to analyse changes in their spawning areas. The methodology used in this research was quantitative; the data were collected through instruments such as GPS, Google Earth and/or SAS Planet, as well as Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Other methods were also used, including hydrological and biological instruments (e.g., ichthioplankton collection) and socio-ecological techniques. Data were used from the spawning sites of the main migratory fish species such as: bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae), comelón (Megaleporinus muyscorum), bryconids (Brycon spp.), Vizcaina (Curimata vimartii), arenca (Triportheus magdalenae), striped catfish (Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum), toad catfish (Pseudopimelodus atricaudus), barbudo (Pimelodus spp.), blanquillo (Sorubim cuspicaudus). These methodologies were evaluated and yielded the following results. Spawning areas were estimated from the number of reproductive events (spawns) detected in each period. In the period 2019-2022, prior to generation, 1298 reproductive events were detected, while in the period 2023-2024, after generation, 1548 spawns of the nine species under study were recorded. The species with the highest frequency of spawing (F) were comelon Megaleporinus muyscorum, bocachico Prochilodus magdalenae and striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum.