Periomimética, restaurar, mantener y salvar dientes: Scoping Review

Abstract

Introduction: In contemporary dentistry, there is a trend toward conservative approaches that prioritize the preservation of the natural tooth and its supporting tissues. Within this context, periomimetics emerges as the integration of biomimetics and periodontics, seeking to restore, maintain, and save teeth using materials and techniques that mimic the natural structure and function of dental and periodontal tissues. Objective: To determine the importance and effectiveness of periomimetics in restoring, maintaining, and saving teeth with structural loss, as well as preserving and improving periodontal tissues. Methodology: A scoping review was conducted by searching the literature in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Articles in English and Spanish published between 2016 and 2024 that address the relationship between biomimetics and periodontics were included. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and the information was organized in an Excel database for descriptive analysis and qualitative synthesis. Results: 3711 articles were identified, of which 63 met the inclusion criteria. The findings demonstrate that the use of biomimetic biomaterials, such as hydroxyapatite, bioactive glasses, and fiber-reinforced composites, improves the structural strength of the tooth, promotes the regeneration of hard and soft tissues, and optimizes the integration between the restoration and the periodontium. Furthermore, a recent increase in scientific production is expected, especially in 2024, with a predominance of studies from Asia and Europe. Conclusions: Periomimetics represents a promising approach in modern dentistry, as it allows for more conservative treatments, improves the prognosis of compromised teeth, and promotes long-term periodontal health.