Determinantes sociales, cuidado prenatal y depresión posparto. Resultados de la encuesta nacional de salud 2010: estudio transversal

Abstract

Introduction Depression is common among pregnant women and is associated with an increased risk of prenatal and perinatal complications. Objective To examine the associations between social determinants and prenatal care with self-reported postpartum depression in a representative sample of Colombian women. Materials and methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted of data from the 2010 National Nutrition Survey of Colombia in 1659 women aged between 15 and 45 years. Information was gathered on sociodemographic variables, obstetric care and self-reported postpartum depression by structured interview. Associations were established through a multivariable regression model. Results The overall prevalence of postpartum depression was 10.5%. After the model was adjusted, the variables associated with postpartum depression were residing in rural areas (OR = 2.35, 95% CI 2.03 to 2.73), belonging to an ethnic group (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.22 to 1 40), having an unplanned pregnancy (OR = 124, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.14), alcoholism (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.69), smoking (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.87), calcium intake (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.36) and folic acid (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.07 -1.36). Conclusions The study population had a high prevalence of postpartum depression. Several sociodemographic variables and psychosocial factors contributed to depression.