Características del Estado Visual y Ocular de los Niños Prematuros Atendidos en el Área de Optometría en Harker Centro Pediátrico en Bucaramanga Durante el Año del 2019

Abstract

Objective. Analyze the characteristics of the visual and ocular status of premature infants treated in the Optometry area at Harker Pediatric Center in Bucaramanga during 2019. Methodology. The present investigation was carried out based on the type of retrospective cross-sectional quantitative study, since the analysis carried out does not involve follow-up and was carried out on a defined population and at a specific time. The sample size was 110 medical records of premature infants who attended in 2019 and were cared for in the Optometry area at Harker Pediatric Center in Bucaramanga, in addition to this, the medical record had to include all variables such as: sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements and characteristics at the visual and ocular level of premature infants to be selected in the study. Results. It was found that the degree of prematurity is not only determined by the weeks of gestation but also by the weight at birth; so that the lower the birth weight and the lower the gestation weeks, the higher the degree of prematurity. The most frequent gestation weeks were 32-37 (moderate premature) 80%; The most frequent birth weight was between 1500-2500 gr (underweight) 71.2% and the most frequent refractive errors were, hyperopic astigmatism 47.27% and mixed astigmatism 33.64%; only 2.73% had retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Conclusions. Among the most relevant aspects found in the review of medical records is that the week of gestation of babies at the time of birth is most often between 32-37 weeks and mostly males born in the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga, in a very small percentage they presented Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), strabismus and opacity in the media, while in the refractive defect the vast majority presented hyperopic astigmatism.