Influencia del paisaje en la calidad y cantidad de agua en la cuenca del río tona: un análisis multitemporal

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dc.contributor.advisorJaramillo Londoño, Angela María
dc.contributor.authorReyes Guerra , Diego Enrique
dc.contributor.corporatenameUniversidad Santo Tomás
dc.contributor.cvlachttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001234064
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9465-8513
dc.date.accessioned2026-10-07T13:26:37Z
dc.date.available2026-10-07T13:26:37Z
dc.date.issued2026-10-06
dc.descriptionLa cuenca del río Tona (Santander, Colombia), principal fuente de abastecimiento del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga, ha experimentado cambios en su cobertura boscosa cuyo efecto a lo largo del tiempo sobre la calidad y cantidad del agua no había sido cuantificado. Esta investigación analiza la asociación entre la dinámica del bosque y las variables de caudal y calidad del agua entre 1985 y 2025. Se clasificó la cobertura boscosa en nueve imágenes Landsat mediante clasificación supervisada con el algoritmo Random Forest, se calcularon métricas del paisaje, porcentaje de bosque (PLAND), densidad de borde y complejidad de forma de los parches, y se analizó su relación con registros de precipitación, caudal y calidad del agua mediante métodos estadísticos que permiten estimar la fuerza de cada asociación y aislar el efecto del bosque del efecto del clima. El bosque resultó el principal predictor de la turbidez y los sólidos suspendidos totales, con un efecto que se mantuvo al descontar la influencia del clima: la recuperación de cobertura entre 2003 y 2025 coincidió con una marcada reducción de ambos parámetros y con un aumento del caudal mínimo, pese a una leve tendencia decreciente de la precipitación. En cambio, los parámetros de origen orgánico y microbiológico, materia orgánica, nitrógeno amoniacal y coliformes fecales, no mostraron relación con la cobertura boscosa y se deterioraron de forma progresiva, un patrón compatible con fuentes distintas al arrastre de sedimentos que el bosque regula. Los resultados posicionan a la cuenca del Tona como un caso documentado de regulación hídrica asociada al bosque y sugieren que su conservación, por sí sola, no garantiza la calidad del agua, lo que plantea la necesidad de una gestión integral del recurso.
dc.description.abstractThe Tona River basin (Santander, Colombia), the main water supply source for the Bucaramanga metropolitan area, has undergone changes in its forest cover whose long-term effect on water quality and quantity had not been quantified. This study analyzes the association between forest dynamics and streamflow and water-quality variables between 1985 and 2025. Forest cover was classified on nine Landsat images through supervised classification using the Random Forest algorithm, and landscape metrics were computed, including percentage of forest cover (PLAND), edge density, and mean patch shape complexity. Their relationship with precipitation, streamflow, and water-quality records was assessed using statistical methods suited to small samples, which estimate the strength of each association and disentangle the effect of forest cover from that of climate. Forest cover emerged as the primary predictor of turbidity and total suspended solids, with an effect that persisted after controlling for climate: the cover recovery observed between 2003 and 2025 coincided with a marked reduction in both parameters and with an increase in baseflow, despite a slight declining trend in precipitation. In contrast, organic and microbiological parameters—biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, and fecal coliforms—showed no relationship with forest cover and deteriorated progressively, a pattern consistent with sources other than the sediment transport regulated by forest. These findings position the Tona basin as a documented case of forest-associated hydrological regulation and suggest that forest conservation alone does not ensure water quality, underscoring the need for integrated water-resource management.
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagister en Gestión de Cuencas Hidrográficasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.citationReyes Guerra, D. E. (2026) Influencia del paisaje en la calidad y cantidad de agua en la cuenca del río tona: un análisis multitemporal [Trabajo de Maestría, Universidad Santo Tomás]. Repositorio Institucional
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad Santo Tomásspa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Santo Tomásspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repository.usta.edu.cospa
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/74480
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Santo Tomásspa
dc.publisher.branchCRAI-USTA Medellín
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Ambientalesspa
dc.publisher.programMaestría Gestión de Cuencas Hidrográficasspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.localAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.subject.keywordLandscape ecology
dc.subject.keywordLandscape metrics
dc.subject.keywordWater quality
dc.subject.keywordStreamflow
dc.subject.keywordMultitemporal remote sensing
dc.subject.keywordTona River watershed
dc.subject.lembGestión de cuencas hidrográficas
dc.subject.lembCobertura boscosa
dc.subject.lembSedimentos suspendidos
dc.subject.proposalEcología del paisaje
dc.subject.proposalMétricas del paisaje
dc.subject.proposalCalidad del agua
dc.subject.proposalCaudal
dc.subject.proposalTeledetección multitemporal
dc.subject.proposalCuenca del río Tona
dc.titleInfluencia del paisaje en la calidad y cantidad de agua en la cuenca del río tona: un análisis multitemporal
dc.typemaster thesis
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.driveinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.localTesis de maestríaspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

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