Análisis comparativo del impacto al suelo entre ganadería extensiva y monocultivo de maíz con metodología multicriterio en la vereda la Barrialosa, Mesetas-Meta.

Abstract

The impacts generated to the soil by the two main productive activities of the village. La Barrialosa in the municipality of Mesetas -Meta are analyzed. Based on social cartography and GIS geographic information systems, the characterization and zoning of the productive activities in the entire area of the village is carried out, to have a more accurate picture of the current situation. To carry out the analysis, an adaptation of the multicriteria analysis methodology is carried out, to take advantage of the wide knowledge and expertise of people who have lived there all their lives and of those who have appropriated the situation, either from the information acquired by the academy or by being part of the governmental and non-governmental institutions that participate in the economic dynamics of the region. From the knowledge of these people, seven criteria are selected from which the comparison and analysis of impact to the soil between the productive activities is made. It was obtained as a result that extensive livestock generates an impact on the soil greater than that of corn monoculture usually harvested physicochemical samples as a basis for the analysis of the impact to the ground, for this case in particular, multi-criteria methodology fits the study, taking into account the difficulty of access and the risk that represents the taking of soil samples directly; Once in the zone of study it was confirmed the presence of mines anti-personnel and unexploded ordnance (MAP / MUSE) evidenced by the work of demining by the company The HALO trust. On the other hand, there is little up-to-date information on the dynamics of the productive activities of the sidewalk, therefore, is social mapping for the collection of basic information for the development of the study. On the other hand, the post-conflict scenario is the opportunity to access this forgotten area, investigate the impact to the ground by the productive activities there carried out and that the competent authorities, of the hand of the Academy and the citizenship carried out the actions needed to implement programs that mitigate, control and prevent the impairment to the environment, especially to the component soil, having as a priority those activities that are affecting most severely. Finally, the study showed that ranching generates an impact to the top soil to maize monoculture with 55% according to the experts consulted in the present investigation. The criteria which were more affected by this practice were: compaction, the land use and vocation of the ground conflict. Therefore, invites the competent authorities to carry out programmed of monitoring, prevention and mitigation, in first step to ranching because he obtained the direct impact to the highest floor score.