Análisis del comportamiento de las variables meteorológicas temperatura, precipitación y nivel del mar en los últimos 50 años en la adaptación del cambio climático en la cuenca del río Amazonas en los países de Colombia, Brasil y Perú.
| dc.contributor.advisor | Olmedo Meza, Alejandra Margarita | |
| dc.contributor.author | Pérez Flórez, Magda Katerine | |
| dc.contributor.corporatename | Universidad Santo Tomás | |
| dc.contributor.cvlac | https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001608971 | |
| dc.contributor.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0303-2537 | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-10-09T18:25:08Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-10-09T18:25:08Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025-03-28 | |
| dc.description | La cuenca del Río Amazonas es uno de los ecosistemas más importantes y biodiversos del mundo, pero está sufriendo impactos significativos debido al cambio climático. Este trabajo analiza las variaciones de temperatura, precipitación y el aumento del nivel del mar, con un enfoque particular en cómo la deforestación ha acelerado estos cambios. A través de un análisis cuantitativo de datos climáticos históricos y modelos climáticos proyectados, se examina cómo estas variaciones están afectando tanto a los ecosistemas acuáticos y terrestres como a las comunidades locales que dependen de los recursos naturales. El estudio incluye comparaciones detalladas por décadas (1970-2020) y por periodos (sequía y lluviosa), mostrando a través de gráficos cómo la temperatura ha aumentado y las precipitaciones han disminuido en las áreas más afectadas por la deforestación. Estos gráficos destacan las tendencias alarmantes, como el aumento de 2°C en las áreas deforestadas y la reducción del 30% en las precipitaciones durante la estación seca, lo que ha exacerbado las sequías y afectado la biodiversidad. Asimismo, se presentan gráficos sobre el impacto en especies clave, como el jaguar y el tambaqui, cuya disminución está directamente relacionada con la pérdida de hábitat y los cambios en los patrones climáticos. En las conclusiones, se subraya la necesidad urgente de implementar estrategias de adaptación que incluyan la reforestación, la protección de los ecosistemas acuáticos y la participación activa de las comunidades locales. Las proyecciones para 2050 sugieren que, sin acciones concretas, la cuenca podría perder hasta el 40% de su cobertura forestal, lo que tendría consecuencias devastadoras tanto para el equilibrio climático global como para la biodiversidad y las comunidades humanas en la región. Las estrategias de adaptación propuestas, basadas en el análisis de modelos climáticos y la revisión de experiencias exitosas en otras regiones, buscan mitigar estos efectos y promover la resiliencia de la cuenca frente a los desafíos climáticos futuros. | |
| dc.description.abstract | The Amazon River basin is one of the most important and biodiverse ecosystems in the world, but it is suffering significant impacts due to climate change. This paper analyzes variations in temperature, precipitation and sea level rise, with a particular focus on how deforestation has accelerated these changes. Through a quantitative analysis of historical climate data and projected climate models, it examines how these variations are affecting both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and local communities dependent on natural resources. The study includes detailed comparisons by decade (1970-2020) and by season (dry and rainy), showing through graphs how temperature has increased and precipitation has decreased in the areas most affected by deforestation. These graphs highlight alarming trends, such as the 2°C increase in deforested areas and the 30% reduction in rainfall during the dry season, which has exacerbated droughts and affected biodiversity. It also presents graphs on the impact on key species, such as the jaguar and the tambaqui, whose decline is directly related to habitat loss and changes in climate patterns. The conclusions highlight the urgent need to implement adaptation strategies that include reforestation, protection of aquatic ecosystems and the active participation of local communities. Projections for 2050 suggest that, without concrete actions, the basin could lose up to 40% of its forest cover, which would have devastating consequences both for the global climate balance and for biodiversity and human communities in the region. The proposed adaptation strategies, based on the analysis of climate models and the review of successful experiences in other regions, seek to mitigate these effects and promote the resilience of the basin to future climate challenges. | |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Especialización | spa |
| dc.description.degreename | Especialista en Ordenamiento y Gestión Integral de Cuencas Hidrográficas | spa |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Perez Florez, M. K. (2023). Análisis del comportamiento de las variables meteorológicas temperatura, precipitación y nivel del mar en los últimos 50 años en la adaptación del cambio climático en la cuenca del río Amazonas en los países de Colombia, Brasil y Perú.. [Trabajo de ESpecialización, Univiersidad Santo Tomás]. Repositorio Institucional. | |
| dc.identifier.instname | instname:Universidad Santo Tomás | spa |
| dc.identifier.reponame | reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Santo Tomás | spa |
| dc.identifier.repourl | repourl:https://repository.usta.edu.co | spa |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11634/70026 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad Santo Tomás | spa |
| dc.publisher.branch | CRAI-USTA Bogotá | |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales | spa |
| dc.publisher.program | Especialización Ordenamiento y Gestión Integral de Cuencas Hidrográficas | spa |
| dc.relation.references | Achard, F., Eva, H. D., Stibig, H. J., Mayaux, P., Gallego, J., Richards, T., & Malingreau, J. P. (2002). Determination of deforestation rates of the world’s humid tropical forests. Science, 297(5583), 999-1002. | |
| dc.relation.references | Aguiar, A. P. D., Câmara, G., & Escada, M. I. S. (2007). Spatial statistical analysis of land-use determinants in the Brazilian Amazonia: Exploring intra-regional heterogeneity. Ecological Modelling, 209(2-4), 169-188. | |
| dc.relation.references | Aragão, L. E. O. C., Malhi, Y., Roman-Cuesta, R. M., Saatchi, S., Anderson, L. O., & Shimabukuro, Y. E. (2007). Spatial patterns and fire response of recent Amazonian droughts. Geophysical Research Letters, 34(7), L07701. | |
| dc.relation.references | Asner, G. P., & Alencar, A. (2010). Drought impacts on the Amazon forest: The remote sensing perspective. New Phytologist, 187(3), 569-578. | |
| dc.relation.references | Barona, E., Ramankutty, N., Hyman, G., & Coomes, O. T. (2010). The role of pasture and soybean in deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon. Environmental Research Letters, 5(2), 024002. | |
| dc.relation.references | Barros, V. R., Doyle, M., & Camilloni, I. (2014). Climate change and water resources in South America. In Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press. | |
| dc.relation.references | Barroux, C., Mollicone, D., Achard, F., Eva, H., Beuchle, R., & Mayaux, P. (2004). Land-Cover Monitoring of the Brazilian Amazon from SPOT VEGETATION Data, 1998–2002 | |
| dc.relation.references | International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25(14), 2761-2779. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160410001688051 | |
| dc.relation.references | Barroux, G., Betts, R. A., Cox, P. M., Huntingford, C., & Harris, P. P. (2004). Amazon forest dieback under climate-carbon cycle projections for the 21st century. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(23), L23205. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020748 | |
| dc.relation.references | Barroux, G., Bonnet, M. P., Boaventura, G., Viers, J., Turcq-Moreira, P., & Seyler, P. (2004). Seasonal geochemical fluxes between the Amazon River and its floodplain. European Geosciences Union, 1st General Assembly, Nice, April 2004. Chen, J. L., Wilson, C. R., & Tapley, B. D. (2010). The 2009 exceptional Amazon flood and interannual terrestrial water storage change observed by GRACE. Water Resources Research, 46, 1-10. | |
| dc.relation.references | Cox, P. M., Harris, P. P., Huntingford, C., Betts, R. A., Collins, M., Jones, C. D., Marengo, J. A., & Nobre, C. A. (2008). Increasing risk of Amazonian drought due to decreasing aerosol pollution. Nature, 453, U212–U217. | |
| dc.relation.references | Espinoza, J. C. (2014). Influencia de la variabilidad de los océanos Atlántico y Pacífico en la hidrología de la cuenca amazónica peruana. Boletín técnico: Generación de modelos climáticos para el pronóstico de la ocurrencia del Fenómeno El Niño, Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 1 (9), 4-8. | |
| dc.relation.references | Pabón, J. D. (2012). Cambio climático en Colombia: Tendencias en la segunda mitad del siglo XX y escenarios posibles para el siglo XXI. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 36(139), 261-278. | |
| dc.relation.references | Betts, R. A., Cox, P. M., Collins, M., Harris, P. P., Huntingford, C., & Jones, C. D. (2004). The role of ecosystem–atmosphere interactions in simulated Amazonian precipitation decrease and forest dieback under global climate warming. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 78(1-3), 157-175. | |
| dc.relation.references | Boers, N., Rheinwalt, A., Bookhagen, B., Barbosa, H. M., Marwan, N., Marengo, J., & Kurths, J. (2014). The South American rainfall dipole: A complex network analysis of extreme events. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(19), 7397-7405. | |
| dc.relation.references | Bunker, D. E., DeClerck, F., Bradford, J. C., Colwell, R. K., Perfecto, I., Phillips, O. L., ... & Naeem, S. (2005). Species loss and aboveground carbon storage in a tropical forest. Science, 310(5750), 1029-1031 | |
| dc.relation.references | Bush, M. B., & Silman, M. R. (2007). Amazonian exploitation revisited: Ecological asymmetry and the policy pendulum. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5(9), 457-465. | |
| dc.relation.references | Castanho, A. D. A., Coe, M. T., Malhi, Y., Galbraith, D., Quesada, C. A., & Levy, P. E. (2016). Improving simulated Amazon forest responses to precipitation variability. Ecological Applications, 26(7), 2325-2340 | |
| dc.relation.references | Chen, J. L., Wilson, C. R., & Tapley, B. D. (2010). Interannual variability of Greenland ice losses from satellite gravimetry. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 115(F3), F03011. | |
| dc.relation.references | Chen, J. L., Wilson, C. R., & Tapley, B. D. (2010). Interannual variability of Greenland ice losses from satellite gravimetry. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 115(F3), F03011. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001397 | |
| dc.relation.references | Chen, Y., Randerson, J. T., Morton, D. C., DeFries, R. S., Collatz, G. J., Kasibhatla, P. S., & Giglio, L. (2010). Amazon Deforestation and Climate Change. Environmental Research Letters, 5(2), 024011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/024011 | |
| dc.relation.references | Cochrane, M. A., & Laurance, W. F. (2002). Fire as a large-scale edge effect in Amazonian forests. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 18(3), 311-325 | |
| dc.relation.references | Cox, P. M., Betts, R. A., Collins, M., Harris, P. P., Huntingford, C., & Jones, C. D. (2008). Amazonian Forest Dieback under Climate-carbon Cycle Projections for the 21st Century. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 78(1-3), 137-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704- 004-0050-y | |
| dc.relation.references | Davidson, E. A., de Araújo, A. C., Artaxo, P., Balch, J. K., Brown, I. F., Bustamante, M. M. C., ... & Rocha, H. R. (2012). The Amazon basin in transition. Nature, 481(7381), 321-328 | |
| dc.relation.references | DeFries, R. S., Rudel, T., Uriarte, M., & Hansen, M. (2010). Deforestation driven by urban population growth and agricultural trade in the twenty-first century. Nature Geoscience, 3(3), 178-181 | |
| dc.relation.references | Dirzo, R., Young, H. S., Galetti, M., Ceballos, G., Isaac, N. J., & Collen, B. (2014). Defaunation in the Anthropocene. Science, 345(6195), 401-406. | |
| dc.relation.references | Duffy, P. B., Brando, P., Asner, G. P., & Field, C. B. (2015). Projections of future meteorological drought and wet periods in the Amazon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(43), 13172-13177. | |
| dc.relation.references | Espinoza Villar, J. C., Guyot, J. L., Cochonneau, G., Filizola, N., Fraizy, P., de Oliveira, E., ... & Seyler, P. (2009). Contrasting regional discharge evolutions in the Amazon basin (1974– 2004). Journal of Hydrology, 375(3-4), 297-311. | |
| dc.relation.references | Espinoza, J. C., & Ronchail, J. (2014). Variabilidad climática en la Cuenca del Amazonas y sus impactos sobre los recursos hídricos. Journal of Hydrology, 520, 451-470. | |
| dc.relation.references | Espinoza, J. C., Ronchail, J., Frappart, F., Lavado, W. S., Santini, W., & Guyot, J. L. (2014). The Major Floods in the Amazonas River and Tributaries (1970–2012). Journal of Hydrology, 509, 282-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.11.032 | |
| dc.relation.references | Espinoza, R. A. (2014). Impact of deforestation and climate change on biodiversity in the Amazon Basin. Ecological Monographs, 84(1), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1697.1 | |
| dc.relation.references | Fearnside, P. M. (2001). Soybean cultivation as a threat to the environment in Brazil. Environmental Conservation, 28(1), 23-38. | |
| dc.relation.references | Fearnside, P. M. (2005). Deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: History, rates, and consequences. Conservation Biology, 19(3), 680-688. | |
| dc.relation.references | Fearnside, P. M. (2008). Amazon forest maintenance as a source of environmental services. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 80(1), 101-114. | |
| dc.relation.references | Ferreira, J., Aragão, L. E., Barlow, J., Barreto, P., Berenguer, E., Bustamante, M., ... & Vieira, I. C. (2014). Brazil’s environmental leadership at risk. Science, 346(6210), 706-707. | |
| dc.relation.references | Garreaud, R., Vuille, M., Compagnucci, R., & Marengo, J. (2009). Present-day South American climate. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 281(3), 180-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.10.032 | |
| dc.relation.references | Gloor, M., Phillips, O. L., Lloyd, J., Lewis, S. L., Malhi, Y., Baker, T. R., ... & Higuchi, N. (2009). Does the disturbance hypothesis explain the biomass increase in basin-wide Amazon forest plot data? Global Change Biology, 15(10), 2418-2430. | |
| dc.relation.references | Goulding, M., Barthem, R., & Ferreira, E. (2003). The Smithsonian Atlas of the Amazon. Smithsonian Books. | |
| dc.relation.references | Hansen, M. C., Potapov, P. V., Moore, R., Hancher, M., Turubanova, S. A., Tyukavina, A., ... & Townshend, J. R. (2013). High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science, 342(6160), 850-853. | |
| dc.relation.references | Hecht, S. B., & Cockburn, A. (2010). The Fate of the Forest: Developers, Destroyers, and Defenders of the Amazon. University of Chicago Press. | |
| dc.relation.references | Higgins, M. A., Asner, G. P., Perez, E., Elespuru, N., Tupayachi, R., Levy-Tacher, S., ... & Raybin, R. F. (2012). Linking carbon and biodiversity through plant traits in the Amazon rainforest. Global Change Biology, 18(3), 1338-1348. | |
| dc.relation.references | Hill, J. K., Collingham, Y. C., Thomas, C. D., Blakeley, D. S., Fox, R., Moss, D., & Huntley, B. (2001). Impacts of landscape structure on butterfly range expansion. Ecology Letters, 4(4), 313-321. | |
| dc.relation.references | Houghton, R. A., Skole, D. L., & Lefkowitz, D. S. (2012). Changes in the landscape of the Amazon forest: Integrating satellite imagery with forest inventory data. Forest Ecology and Management, 163(1-3), 41-55. | |
| dc.relation.references | IPCC. (2021). Sixth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ | |
| dc.relation.references | Ideam. (2016). El cambio climático en Colombia: Impactos y estrategias de adaptación. Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-73292007000100003 | |
| dc.relation.references | Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). (2019). Monitoring the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. Retrieved from. | |
| dc.relation.references | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2021). Sixth Assessment Report (AR6): Climate Change 2021 - The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge University Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1 | |
| dc.relation.references | Junk, W. J., Bayley, P. B., & Sparks, R. E. (1989). The flood pulse concept in river-floodplain systems. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 106, 110-127 | |
| dc.relation.references | Laurance, W. F., & Peres, C. A. (Eds.). (2006). Emerging threats to tropical forests. University of Chicago Press. | |
| dc.relation.references | Marengo, J. A., & Espinoza, J. C. (2016). Extreme seasonal droughts and floods in Amazonia: Causes, trends and impacts. International Journal of Climatology, 36(3), 1033-1050. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4420 | |
| dc.relation.references | Nobre, C. A., Sellers, P. J., & Shukla, J. (1991). Amazonian deforestation and regional climate change. Journal of Climate, 4(10), 957-988. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520- 0442(1991)004<0957 | |
| dc.relation.references | Pabón Caicedo, J. D. (2012). Cambio climático en Colombia: Tendencias en la precipitación y temperatura superficial. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 36(141), 261-275. | |
| dc.relation.references | Pabón Caicedo, J. D. (2012). El Fenómeno de El Niño y La Oscilación del Sur: Una Visión General. Meteorológica, 37(1), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.24850/j-ib.37.1.2012.03 | |
| dc.relation.references | Pazos, R. D., & Mejía, F. M. (2019). Projections of climate change impacts on Amazonian hydrology using regional climate models. Journal of Hydrology, 575, 1075-1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.072 | |
| dc.relation.references | Poff, N. L., Allan, J. D., Bain, M. B., Karr, J. R., Prestegaard, K. L., Richter, B. D., Sparks, R. E., & Stromberg, J. C. (1997). The natural flow regime: A paradigm for river conservation and restoration. BioScience, 47(11), 769-784. https://doi.org/10.2307/1313099 | |
| dc.relation.references | Ropelewski, C. F., & Halpert, M. S. (1987). Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Monthly Weather Review, 115(8), 1606-1626. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1606 | |
| dc.relation.references | Sala, O. E., Chapin, F. S., Armesto, J. J., Berlow, E., Bloomfield, J., Dirzo, R., & Huenneke, L. F. (2000). Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science, 287(5459), 1770-1774. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5459.1770 | |
| dc.relation.references | Siqueira, J., & Peterson, T. C. (2003). Climate variability in the Amazon basin and its environmental impacts. PNAS, 100(8), 5173-5176. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0832376100 | |
| dc.relation.references | UNFCCC. (2015). Paris Agreement. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf | |
| dc.relation.references | Vuille, M., & Bradley, R. S. (2000). Mean annual temperature trends and their vertical structure in the tropical Andes. Geophysical Research Letters, 27(23), 3885-3888. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011871 | |
| dc.rights | Attribution 2.5 Colombia | en |
| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.coar | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |
| dc.rights.local | Abierto (Texto Completo) | spa |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/co/ | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Watershed | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Climate change | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Natural phenomena | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Amazon River | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Environmental impacts | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Resources and strategies | |
| dc.subject.lemb | Gestión Integral de Cuencas Hidrográficas | |
| dc.subject.lemb | Biodiversidad -- Amazonia | |
| dc.subject.lemb | Reforestación | |
| dc.subject.proposal | Cuenca | |
| dc.subject.proposal | Cambio climático | |
| dc.subject.proposal | fenómenos naturales | |
| dc.subject.proposal | Rio Amazonas | |
| dc.subject.proposal | Impactos ambientales | |
| dc.subject.proposal | Recursos y estrategias | |
| dc.title | Análisis del comportamiento de las variables meteorológicas temperatura, precipitación y nivel del mar en los últimos 50 años en la adaptación del cambio climático en la cuenca del río Amazonas en los países de Colombia, Brasil y Perú. | |
| dc.type | bachelor thesis | |
| dc.type.category | Formación de Recurso Humano para la Ctel: Trabajo de grado de Especialización | |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | |
| dc.type.drive | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis | |
| dc.type.local | Trabajo de grado | spa |
| dc.type.local | Trabajo de grado | spa |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
Archivos
Bloque original
1 - 1 de 1
Cargando...
- Nombre:
- Monografia_trabajo de grado_Katerine Pérez .pdf
- Tamaño:
- 2.05 MB
- Formato:
- Adobe Portable Document Format
Bloque de licencias
1 - 3 de 3
Cargando...
- Nombre:
- license.txt
- Tamaño:
- 807 B
- Formato:
- Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
- Descripción:
Cargando...
- Nombre:
- Carta Magda Katerine Pérez Flórez.pdf
- Tamaño:
- 609.49 KB
- Formato:
- Adobe Portable Document Format
- Descripción:
- Carta de facultad
Cargando...
- Nombre:
- Carta de autorizacion_Katerine Perez.pdf
- Tamaño:
- 8.57 MB
- Formato:
- Adobe Portable Document Format
- Descripción:
- Carta derechos de autor

