Especialización Ordenamiento y Gestión Integral de Cuencas Hidrográficas
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/115
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Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Aplicación del modelo Size-Spectrum para evaluar la integridad ecológica de la comunidad íctica en tres cuerpos de agua de Villeta, Colombia.(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-11) Guerrero Lizarazo, Mayra; Moreno Rodríguez, Fabian; Monroy López, Mario Armando; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001409527; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001622166; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001771193; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HSM43JIAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4768-3860; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0366-5150The degradation of aquatic ecosystems is one of the most pressing environmental challenges on a global scale. Rivers and streams harbor a disproportionate share of the planet’s biodiversity and, at the same time, are among the ecosystems most threatened by pollution, alterations to the hydrological regime, habitat loss, and the introduction of non-native species (Dudgeon et al., 2006; Reid et al., 2019). In light of this situation, the assessment of ecological integrity, defined as an ecosystem’s capacity to sustain a community of organisms comparable, in composition, diversity, and functional organization, to that of the region’s natural habitats (Karr, 1981), has established itself as a tool for environmental diagnosis and management decision-making (Roldán Pérez & Ramírez Restrepo, 2008). Colombia is a country characterized by a great diversity of aquatic ecosystems; the assessment of ecological integrity in these environments has relied primarily on the use of biotic indices based on macroinvertebrates, such as the BMWP/Col (Álvarez, 2005; Roldán, 2003), as well as fish community indices adapted from Karr’s (1981) Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI). These indices, recommended by national regulations for the monitoring of inland waters (Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, 2021), require the taxonomic identification of organisms at the family or species level, which demands specialized knowledge of hydrobiological communities and hinders their widespread application throughout the country, particularly in regions with high fish diversity and limited taxonomic inventory. It should be noted that, although there are some adaptations of the IBI for fish communities in the country, none of the indices officially authorized for environmental licensing in Colombia are based exclusively on ichthyofauna (all use macroinvertebrates or other groups), which leaves a methodological gap that supports the exploration of ichthyological and ataxonomic approaches, such as the Size-Spectrum methodology. The Size-Spectrum model, initially proposed by Sheldon et al. (1972) and formalized by Kerr (1974), is a methodological alternative that has gained international prominence. This approach describes the linear relationship (on a logarithmic scale) between the abundance of organisms in an aquatic community and their body size, reflecting emergent properties such as ecosystem carrying capacity, predator-prey interactions, and energy flows between trophic levels (Edwards et al., 2017; Sprules & Barth, 2016). By dispensing with taxonomic identification and relying solely on morphometric measurements, the Size-Spectrum approach is a particularly useful tool in contexts where taxonomic information is scarce. In Colombia, the application of the Size-Spectrum approach to fish communities has been limited to the marine environment. Gómez-Canchong et al. (2011) characterized the size structure of demersal fish assemblages in the Colombian Caribbean and documented changes associated with fishing pressure. More recently, Páramo & Pérez (2024) used size-based indicators to assess the status of populations in the same region. However, to date, no studies have been reported that apply the Size-Spectrum model to fish communities in Colombian inland waters, which constitutes a significant knowledge gap given the extent and diversity of the country’s water network and the growing anthropogenic pressure on these water bodies. For this reason, the objective of this study was to assess the ecological integrity of fish communities in the Santibáñez Creek, the Namay River, and the Cune Creek, in order to analyze the sensitivity of the Size-Spectrum model as a tool to support management decision-making. Fish communities are considered effective bioindicators of ecological integrity in aquatic ecosystems. A bioindicator species is one whose presence, abundance, or physiological condition consistently and measurably reflects the environmental state of the habitat in which it is found (Markert et al., 2003; Siddig et al., 2016). Although not all fish meet this criterion (such as species at basal trophic levels or those with broad environmental tolerance, which tend to respond less specifically to disturbances), various fish groups, particularly top predators and species with greater longevity, accumulate the cumulative effects of pollutants and habitat alterations throughout the food web, making them sensitive indicators of ecosystem quality (Jennings, 2005; Whitfield & Elliott, 2002). The trophic structure and size classes of a fish community can be affected by anthropogenic or environmental pressures; identifying these changes provides insight into the ecological status of an ecosystem and, based on this, helps guide conservation strategies and management plans to restore ecological integrity, while ensuring the sustainable use of fish and water resources.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Estudio de riesgo por inundación para el tramo de la quebrada medianía comprendido entre la calle 107B sur con carrera 9 este y la calle 111 sur con carrera 8 este (vía al Llano), en Bogotá D. C.(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-16) González Ortiz, Laura Angela; Mesa Cuervo, Luis Miguel; Rojas Cruz, Camilo Andrés; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001478703; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001619951; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1144-6951This study evaluates flood hazard, vulnerability, and risk along the section of the Medianía Creek extending from 107B South Street at 9 East Avenue to 111 South Street at 8 East Avenue (Vía al Llano), in the locality of Usme, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. Field visits revealed that this section of the creek is characterized by unplanned urban expansion, a high degree of soil impermeabilization, and the presence of buildings located in close proximity to the channel. In addition, according to reports from the local community, flood events have occurred in the area, particularly near Vía al Llano (8 East Avenue). As a starting point, a photogrammetric drone survey was conducted to generate a Digital Terrain Model (DTM). Subsequently, the morphometric characterization of the watershed and the identification of land cover were carried out. Due to the lack of sufficient rainfall records, the Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves developed by INGETEC (2015) for EAAB-ESP were adopted to derive the design hyetograph for a 100-year return period. Based on this information, hydrological modeling of the watershed was performed using HEC-HMS v4.12, applying the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method to estimate abstractions and effective precipitation, together with the SCS Unit Hydrograph method to transform rainfall into runoff. Subsequently, two-dimensional hydraulic modeling was conducted using HEC-RAS v6.6 to estimate flood depths and flow velocities. Based on the modeling results, the methodology proposed by IDIGER (2023) was applied to assess flood hazard, physical vulnerability, and flood risk at the building level. The results identified areas with moderate and high flood risk, primarily associated with their proximity to the floodplain and the unfavorable characteristics of existing buildings. Finally, conceptual measures are proposed to mitigate flood risk within the studied watershed.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , La sentencia del río Bogotá como instrumento de política pública ambiental: análisis de su impacto normativo y territorial en el municipio de Chipaque.(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-05) Barreto Gutiérrez, Gustavo Adolfo; Calderón Rivera, Dayam Soret; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001499544; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rIHSG1YAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7604-0581This project analyzes the impact of the Bogotá River Ruling on the municipality of Chipaque (Cundinamarca), considering its legal, environmental, and territorial implications. The ruling, issued by the Council of State in 2014, represents a landmark decision in Colombian environmental justice, as it mandates the integral recovery of the Bogotá River basin through binding actions for more than seventy institutions. Among these are municipalities such as Chipaque, which, despite having less than 10% of its territory within the Bogotá River basin, is still required to comply with highly complex and costly measures that, in many cases, affect more directly the Guayuriba River basin, where most of its hydrological system actually belongs, this mismatch generates tensions in territorial planning, the efficiency of public spending, and the perception of environmental justice, as it imposes burdens that exceed the local technical and financial capacities. Using a qualitative–descriptive approach based on documentary review, territorial analysis, direct observation, and comparative systematization, the study seeks to identify the gaps between judicial obligations and the territorial reality of the municipality, as well as propose recommendations to guide a more coherent and equitable environmental management model, the project aims to produce an accurate diagnosis of the relevance and effectiveness of the measures applied in Chipaque, and to formulate technical and legal proposals that may serve as a reference for other municipalities with similar conditions. In doing so, it contributes to the academic debate on the judicialization of environmental public policy, provides inputs for institutional management, and strengthens citizen trust by promoting an environmental governance model adapted to local realities and the sustainable protection of water resources.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Análisis cualitativo de factores de riesgo que pueden incidir en pérdida de sostenibilidad ambiental y ecológica de un tramo del caño Vaneguero en Zona urbana del Municipio de Arauca, Departamento de Arauca-(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-05-25) Alvarado Reina, Lina Maria; Urina Montenegro, Brinton Rafael; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=dHzYCQEAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000727610; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001498428This study explores the environmental sustainability and risk factors affecting the micro-watershed of the Caño Vaneguero, a strategic hydrological body that traverses the urban area of Arauca, Colombia. Through a qualitative evaluation, the research identifies anthropogenic pressures such as unregulated human settlements, land use change, and forced migration, which have intensified ecological degradation and increased vulnerability to hydrometeorological risks. The proximity of the water body to densely populated areas amplifies exposure to flooding, contamination, and biodiversity loss. Institutional roles—especially those of environmental and governmental authorities—are critically analyzed regarding their responsibilities in watershed planning, risk management, and ecological restoration. The study underscores the need for integrated, participatory governance and the implementation of restoration actions aligned with the ecological unctionality and urban resilience of the watershed. A sustainable future for Caño Vaneguero depends on coordinated action between authorities and communities. Strengthening governance and restoring ecosystem services is vital to reduce vulnerability and safeguard the socio-ecological integrity of this urban watershed.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Evaluación técnico–normativa y socioambiental del aprovechamiento de estériles auríferos como sustituto de recebo en la construcción y mejoramiento de vías terciarias en marmato (Caldas, Colombia)(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-02-11) Salazar Valencia, Andrés Hernando; Rangel Benedetti, María Carolina; Sarmiento Moreno , Fabián Alejandro; Ortiz Penagos, Nidia Elena; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000004524; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sQAnw1YAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1149-2779The insufficient transitability of the tertiary road network in Colombia limits rural economic integration and raises logistical costs, partly due to dependence on conventional granular materials (subgrade) whose extraction and transport increase the cost of interventions in territories with complex topography. At the same time, the Marmato gold mining district (Caldas) generates significant volumes of waste rock, the improper management of which can increase the risk of instability and potential environmental impacts. Under a circular economy approach, the hypothesis arises that this waste rock could constitute a technically and environmentally viable substitute for subgrade in the roadbed layers of tertiary roads, provided it meets regulatory criteria and does not introduce geochemical risks. This study develops a systematic documentary evaluation (primarily sources ≤ 5 years old) to: identify applicable technical and regulatory parameters; Compile and organize reported data on the geotechnical and environmental properties of gold-bearing waste rock and analogous mining materials; compare their performance against required limits (liquid limit [LL], plasticity index [PI], California Bearing Ratio [CBR], durability, fines removal, and chemical parameters); and analyze socio-environmental benefits and risks (reduction in virgin aggregate extraction, mitigation of liabilities, rural accessibility, and potential geochemical impacts). Expected results include comparative matrices of compliance with particle size distribution, LL, PI, and CBR limits, sulfate soundness, and micro-DEVAL; identification of gaps between obtained and required parameters; and recommendations for tests and controls for a potential pilot phase. This provides an evaluative baseline to guide decisions on the sustainable management of mining waste and the improvement of rural road infrastructure within the framework of materials circularity.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Gestión integral del recurso hídrico en las áreas transfronterizas amazónicas de la cuenca del Río Putumayo. Un análisis del servicio ambiental de transporte(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-01-23) Melo Jiménez, Nathalia; Castillo de Herrera , Mercedes; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000581461; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001369262; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=z1kJhpoAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0058-0810This study analyzes fluvial transport as an environmental service in the transboundary basin of the Putumayo River, using the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) approach. The research identifies current challenges and potential risks associated with fluvial transport and proposes improvement alternatives aimed at environmental sustainability, binational cooperation, and the well-being of riparian communities. The research focuses on a river of Andean origin that flows through Colombia and forms a natural boundary with Ecuador and Peru before entering Brazil, where it joins the Amazon River, forming the Putumayo–Içá basin. Along this course, the Putumayo River serves as the main means of communication for Indigenous, peasant, and Afro-descendant communities, whose economic and cultural livelihoods depend on fluvial transport. The methodological approach combined primary and secondary sources through document review, content analysis, and semi-structured interviews with professionals involved in the formulation of the Territorial Development Plan of Puerto Asís, Putumayo. This approach made it possible to characterize the basin, examine the current state of fluvial transport, and develop proposals aimed at strengthening integrated management within a transboundary Amazonian context.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Identificación de zonas potenciales de recarga hídrica en el municipio de Pamplona, Norte de Santander(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-01-22) Baez Guerrero, Duvan Arley; Jaramillo Londoño, Angela María; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001400391; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001813348; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9465-8513; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9099-3568The loss of ecosystems and strategic conservation areas in the municipality of Pamplona in Norte de Santander, caused by the absence of territorial entities and the low control and surveillance they exert over the status of water resources, generated the possibility of identifying potential zones for water recharge in the municipality and establishing the land use conflicts that affect the water infiltration process. In light of the foregoing, the methodology proposed by Matus et al. (2009) was implemented. This methodology allowed for the evaluation of biophysical elements for each segment of the Pamplonita, Zulia, and Chitagá river basins that make up the municipality, such as slopes and associated micro-reliefs, soil type, rock type, vegetation cover, and land use, through spatial analysis in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. In this analysis, categories and weights were assigned to each element according to its permeability and influence on the processes that favor a suitable environment for water infiltration to occur, on a scale of one to five, where the possibility of recharge ranges from very low to very high. Consequently, thematic maps for each of the elements were obtained at a scale of 1:100,000, for each segment of the basins. Subsequently, the raster calculator tool was implemented, which allowed for the application of the equation proposed by Matus et al. (2009) to calculate the water recharge potential in the evaluated and identified zones. This generated a raster output that was reclassified into five ranges defining the possibility of water recharge in the identified areas very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. This allowed the water recharge potential in 66.18% of the total area of the municipality to be categorized as moderate, according to the physical characteristics and main uses of the elements. The characterization of land cover use conflicts in the potential water recharge areas showed overutilization conflicts in 50.1% of the total area of the municipality.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Análisis del comportamiento de las variables meteorológicas temperatura, precipitación y nivel del mar en los últimos 50 años en la adaptación del cambio climático en la cuenca del río Amazonas en los países de Colombia, Brasil y Perú.(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-03-28) Pérez Flórez, Magda Katerine; Olmedo Meza, Alejandra Margarita; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001608971; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0303-2537The Amazon River basin is one of the most important and biodiverse ecosystems in the world, but it is suffering significant impacts due to climate change. This paper analyzes variations in temperature, precipitation and sea level rise, with a particular focus on how deforestation has accelerated these changes. Through a quantitative analysis of historical climate data and projected climate models, it examines how these variations are affecting both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and local communities dependent on natural resources. The study includes detailed comparisons by decade (1970-2020) and by season (dry and rainy), showing through graphs how temperature has increased and precipitation has decreased in the areas most affected by deforestation. These graphs highlight alarming trends, such as the 2°C increase in deforested areas and the 30% reduction in rainfall during the dry season, which has exacerbated droughts and affected biodiversity. It also presents graphs on the impact on key species, such as the jaguar and the tambaqui, whose decline is directly related to habitat loss and changes in climate patterns. The conclusions highlight the urgent need to implement adaptation strategies that include reforestation, protection of aquatic ecosystems and the active participation of local communities. Projections for 2050 suggest that, without concrete actions, the basin could lose up to 40% of its forest cover, which would have devastating consequences both for the global climate balance and for biodiversity and human communities in the region. The proposed adaptation strategies, based on the analysis of climate models and the review of successful experiences in other regions, seek to mitigate these effects and promote the resilience of the basin to future climate challenges.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Iniciativas comunitarias ambientales para la protección y conservación de los ecosistemas marino - costeros en la zona exclusiva de pesca artesanal - ZEPA pacífico colombiano(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-10-08) Suárez Medina, Paula Catalina; Hernández Guzmán, Adriana; Universidad Santo Tomas; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001579294; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001802240; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-6080This paper aims to present one of the most relevant community governance processes in the country. Its main objective is to identify and analyze community-based environmental initiatives developed in the Exclusive Artisanal Fishing Zone (ZEPA) of the Colombian Pacific, with special emphasis on their role in the conservation of marine and coastal ecosystems. Using a qualitative approach and a descriptive study design, secondary data are collected and analyzed. The paper addresses the evolution of the community process from its initial formation to the consolidation of participatory environmental governance mechanisms, highlighting the leadership of Afro-descendant community councils, NGOs, and public entities. The analysis highlights the importance of institutional coordination, territorial appropriation by local communities, and capacity building to ensure the environmental and economic sustainability of ZEPA. Initiatives range from mangrove restoration, participatory fisheries monitoring, environmental education, and the development of consensual management agreements. This study represents a significant contribution to the recognition of the autonomy of coastal communities and their potential to lead conservation processes based on traditional knowledge, cooperative networks, and regulatory compliance. It is hoped that this document will be of value to the educational and scientific communities, entities, organizations, and the public interested in community governance processes and the different dynamics for addressing territorial planning for community sustainability, the sustainable use of resources, and ecosystem conservation.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Sistematización de la experiencia: La restauración ecológica como estrategia de retorno ambiental a nivel ecosistémico, en el departamento de Antioquia, experiencia en la cuenca abastecedora río grande II(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-09-29) Martínez Sánchez, Natalia Andrea; Carvajal Floréz, Elizabeth; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001347928; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-8850Ecological restoration in Colombia has become a key strategy for recovering degraded ecosystems and improving the quality of life of local communities. In this context, since 2015, the Water Fund of the Valle de Aburrá, Northern and Eastern Antioquia has implemented a series of restoration, conservation, and monitoring actions in the Río Grande II reservoir's supply watershed, as part of the "Integrated Water and Biodiversity Management" program. These efforts align with national policies such as the National Ecological Restoration Plan and aim to strengthen ecological and water sustainability in a region crucial for the water supply of the Valle de Aburrá. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the restoration strategies implemented by the Water Fund in the Río Grande II watershed, with a focus on environmental return and contributions to ecological connectivity. Additionally, the study sought to analyze changes in the composition and structure of the vegetation cover, as well as the impact on local biodiversity, as part of the institutional commitment to the conservation of strategic ecosystems in northern Antioquia. To achieve this, a systematization of experiences was carried out through the documentary analysis of management reports, field observations, and personal experience acquired during years of work with the Fund. This methodology made it possible to reconstruct the process, critically reflect on achievements and challenges, and generate valuable lessons for the continuous improvement of restoration actions. The results show significant progress in ecological connectivity and the recovery of vegetation cover in the intervened areas. Several species of fauna and flora were identified, indicating a positive ecosystem response to the interventions. The monitoring protocol implemented made it possible to observe changes in landscape structure, providing key elements to measure environmental return and guide future decisions for sustainable territorial management in the region.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Estado del Arte de la Calidad del Agua Mediante Análisis Químicos, Físicos, Biológicos y Microbiológicos del Río Grande de la Magdalena(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-09-17) Romero Lizcano, Jesica Juliana; Carvajal Florez, Elizabeth; Universidad Santo Tomas; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001347928; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001662126; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PNknL9MAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RsCrtegAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-8850; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9666-4754With the intention of nominating the Magdalena River for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List for the purposes of protection, conservation and adoption of legal and financial measures on the watercourse, an assessment of the state of the art of the river's water quality has been carried out, in research on the Magdalena River published from 2013 to 2023 as part of the project "CULTURAL ITINERARY OF THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL APPROPRIATION OF THE MAGDALENA RIVER FOR ITS INCLUSION IN THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST", contributing to the application file that will be submitted to UNESCO. The methodology employed is divided into four stages. Initially, a bibliographic search encompassing primary and secondary sources at the national level, published for 10 years, was conducted. The second stage involves reviewing the identified bibliography, specifying the procedures, methodologies, or techniques used, the relevant environmental corporation, the tributary or specific area of the river studied, as well as the obtained results, among other aspects, to construct a Research Analytical Summary (RAI). The third stage involved performing a bibliometric analysis to assess the current state of research on water quality in the Grande de la Magdalena River. Finally, the analyzed information was synthesized and organized into comprehensive and updated content. Twenty-six documents were found, of which 17 are articles from indexed journals, 7 theses and 1 open-access book. It is highlighted that water quality analyses in the Magdalena River focus on physicalchemical and bacteriological indices, with a shortage of comprehensive studies that include bioindicators. Water conditions vary from good in the upper part to regular in the lower part. Insufficient data and understudied areas were identified, as well as a limited collaboration network between authors. Since 2020, the bibliography on the subject has increased, but gaps in longitudinal studies and comprehensive approaches persist.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Acotamiento de la Ronda Hídrica Para el Manejo Adecuado de áreas con Condición de Riesgo por Movimientos en Masa, Inundaciones y Avenidas Torrenciales del Río San Eugenio – Barrio La Trinidad, Sobre la Cabecera Municipal de Santa Rosa De Cabal, Risaralda(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-09-20) Trejos Cataño, Daniela; Trujillo Toro, Zharick; Rojas Cruz, Camilo Andrés; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001478703; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DxwcW9sAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1144-6951This thesis focuses on the delineation of the San Eugenio River’s riparian buffer zone as it passes through the La Trinidad neighborhood, in the municipal seat of Santa Rosa de Cabal (Risaralda), an area historically prone to extreme hydrometeorological events such as floods, mass movements, and torrential downpours. The need for a technical boundary delineation stems from the vulnerability of the community currently settled in high-risk areas, as evidenced by the event of May 25, 2022, when a mass movement blocked the riverbed and caused its diversion, generating severe impacts in the sector. To address this issue, the official methodology of the Ministry of Environment (2018) was applied, which considers three main components: geomorphological, hydrological, and ecosystem-based. The process was carried out in three phases: preliminary actions (collection of baseline information), delineation of the permanent channel, and establishment of the physical limits of the riparian buffer zone. Tools such as multi-temporal analysis with satellite images, hydraulic modeling using Iber 3.1 software, and field verification were employed, enabling the construction of a delineation grounded in the actual behavior of the river. The study determined that the La Trinidad neighborhood is located in a flood-prone area, with direct exposure to river channel dynamics and limited protective vegetation cover. The proposed delineation includes a protection strip based on 100-year return period flows, geomorphologically active areas, and zones requiring ecosystem restoration. This buffer zone seeks not only to reduce risk for the community but also to restore ecological connectivity and create opportunities for land uses such as nature-based tourism. The results demonstrate that delineating riparian buffer zones is a highly valuable tool for risk management and territorial planning. Its implementation allows for the identification of critical areas, the establishment of preventive measures, and the promotion of environmental and ecological restoration in vulnerable urban sectors, as illustrated by the case of the San Eugenio River.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Variación de los Desembarcos Pesqueros de Consumo en la Cuenca Media del Río Guaviare(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-09-12) López Castaño, Jeisson; Saldarriaga Ramírez, Carolina; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000388726; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001635410; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=QDwvhvEAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6460-563X; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8713-0024Fisheries monitoring allows for monitoring resource behavior over time and facilitates decision-making in watersheds. These monitoring measures are evaluated by recording fishing volume, which is the weight of fish caught. The middle Guaviare River basin is one of the most important in the Colombian Orinoco region because it lands one of the largest quantities of fish in the Orinoco region. Many people depend on fishing, and it is the final phase before the migration of fish, especially large catfish that originate in the lower Orinoco and end in the upper Guaviare region. This basin encompasses two municipalities, San José del Guaviare and Mapiripán, where fishing volumes are collected. This study evaluated the variation in landed volumes over the years, between hydrological periods, by month, and in relation to data on flow variables, precipitation from IDEAM stations, and the ENSO index, which indicates El Niño and La Niña phenomena. To this end, data on daily and monthly landing volumes from AUNAP's SEPEC platform were used and compared using graphs and univariate and multivariate statistical tests to determine whether there were differences. In addition, correlation matrices were found between flow and precipitation variables and volumes, as well as models that sought to explain possible relationships, and the dynamics of the most abundant species by hydrological period were determined. It was found that variation over time is not marked, but certain patterns are observed, such as some years, periods, and months with low fishing. It was also determined that hydrometeorological variables have little influence on fisheries. On the other hand, there are groups of species that are more abundant at different times and two key species in the basin due to their high volumes, Z. zungaro and B. rouseauxii. Finally, it was established that the fishermen's opinion regarding the variation is not consistent with what was obtained here; they consider that the fish stock has decreased drastically, but this has not affected how they perceive their well-being. This work demonstrated the importance of using fisheries data to determine patterns that can lead to the management of consumer fisheries by various fishing, environmental, and government stakeholders.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Evaluación de Buenas Prácticas Ambientales para los Procesos de Curtido de Pieles en la Cuenca Alta del Río Bogotá, Municipio de Villapinzón(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-09-09) Torres Ducón, Nelcy Mariana; Varela Polanco, Juan Pablo; Barbosa Bolivar, Juan Gabriel; Lamprea Zona, Martha Custodia; Universidad Santo Tomas; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001597220; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001642297; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8173-9477This research endeavor addresses the persistent challenges stemming from the leather tanning process, specifically within the municipality of Villapinzón and its area of influence. This productive activity underscores the urgent necessity for technologies or strategies that can be efficiently integrated into production processes. The objective is to harmonize the diverse ecosystem services provided by the upper Bogotá River basin with the socio-economic needs inherent to the municipality of Villapinzón. To this end, the methodology employed encompassed a comprehensive documentary review of national and international benchmarks in the analysis of production processes and the evaluation of their environmental impacts. Consequently, this paper elucidates the current status of the tanning industry, identifies the environmental impacts inherent in these processes, and analyzes how the incorporation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can contribute to process optimization, all within the specific context of Villapinzón.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Efectos de la Deforestación en Variables del Ciclo Hidrológico de la Amazonía(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-07-07) Velásquez Amaya, Ana María; Moreno, Jaime Andres; Universidad Santo TomásThis document first presents an overview of the Amazon, its area, and the countries within it. It then addresses the problem of deforestation in the region, identifying its main causes. It then examines the effects of forest cover loss on the hydrological cycle (precipitation, evapotranspiration, infiltration, and runoff) from different scientific perspectives. Finally, it discusses the implications of these processes for water security and highlights the importance of conserving Amazonian forests to ensure water availability at the regional and global levels.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Propuesta de Restauración de Áreas Ecosistémicas para la Recuperación y Conservación de la Ronda Hídrica del Río Maracas, en la Zona Rural del Municipio de Becerril, Departamento del Cesar(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-27) Cervantes Ruiz, Maritza Elena; Garcia Murillo, Paulo German; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000295612; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=60GkRtsAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4086-0489The municipality of Becerril is a geographical setting rich in ecosystems and biodiversity, rich in subsoil mineral resources, and inhabited primarily by Indigenous and Afro-Colombians, a large proportion of whom are settled in the Perijá mountain range. The mountain range boasts significant biological diversity, which represents the region's biotic (floristic and faunistic) nature. Furthermore, it boasts highly important strategic ecosystems, with approximately 70% of its territory being forest reserves. However, there are factors that raise concern regarding the fragmentation and destruction of ecosystems in tropical dry forest areas, such as stressors and limiting factors. The Maracas River is a biodiverse ecosystem that provides an ecosystem service to the population by capturing resources for drinking water supply, among many other services. Unfortunately, it has been a source of concern due to poor human practices, from indiscriminate forest clearing and the destruction of wildlife, to erosion due to overexploitation of the soil, the expansion of livestock farming, and overgrazing, which become stressors and inhibit the sustainable development of the ecosystem. Ecological restoration through reforestation has become an ecosystem restoration activity through planting native species that strengthen the soil, wildlife, and water resources, which, in some way or effect, have been exposed by various anthropogenic activities (Ministry of Environment, 2018). This is intended to restore deforested areas in watersheds to improve soil quality and control erosion. In other words, gallery forests are essential for the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources in the region.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Análisis de la Modelación Hidrológica Para Estimar Algunos Efectos del Cambio Climático en el Comportamiento de la Oferta Hídrico y el Ciclo de Sedimentos a Partir de Revisión de Referentes Bibliográficos(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-25) Londoño Alvarez, Natalia Andrea; Lizcano Murcia, Didier Lizcano; Paredes Guzman, Germán Ricardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000722979; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001752746; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=uKPoo2QAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3977-4826Soil erosion in watersheds worldwide is one of the problems faced by society and that affects the soil for various productive activities, due to factors such as precipitation, topography, soils, deforestation and land uses. These problems are exacerbated due to the effects of climate change and the exponential growth of the population where the use of natural resources is increasingly required. A literary analysis of research articles published in recent years was carried out in relation to hydrological modeling for water estimation and sediment production in hydrographic basins, and which in turn allowed evaluating the effects of climate change in the future. Additionally, a review of the national panorama was carried out to analyze the state in which sediment analyzes are handled at the basin level, focused on research topics that provide knowledge of the behavior in the different regions. The results allowed us to know and describe the main advances, techniques, tools and inputs that are required through hydrological modeling for the comprehensive analysis of hydrographic basins, allowing the estimation of hydrological and sediment production and the analysis of climate change of the main research that has been recently developed worldwide and in the national territory, because these generate guidelines that allow adequate management for the sustainability of natural resources.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Sistematización de la Experiencia del Diseño, Puesta en Marcha y Evaluación del Cumplimiento Normativo del Sistema de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales Tipo Foto-Fenton Implementado en la Empresa Curtiembres Fernando Blandón, Ubicada en el Sector del Barrio San Benito Cuenca del Río Tunjuelo, en Bogotá D.C.(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-26) Merchán Parra, Simón; Carvajal Flórez, Elizabeth; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001347928; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002051614; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PNknL9MAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-8850This research aims to systematize the experience of designing, implementing, and evaluating the regulatory compliance of the Photo-Fenton wastewater treatment system at Curtiembre Fernando Blandón, located in San Benito, Bogotá, Colombia. The system was analyzed following Jara’s methodology (2018), which consists of a descriptive phase to reconstruct the process and an analytical phase to assess the system’s efficiency and compliance with environmental regulations. The Photo-Fenton treatment was implemented as an advanced oxidation alternative to reduce organic pollutants. The results showed a 92.3% reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 94.2% in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), and 32.5% in Total Phenols, ensuring compliance with the Resolution 631 of 2015 and Resolution 3957 of 2009. The findings suggest that although the Photo-Fenton method is effective for organic matter removal, it requires strict pH control, precise chemical dosing, and continuous monitoring to maintain efficiency. This system represents a feasible solution for small and medium-sized tanning companies looking to meet environmental standards at a moderate investment cost. The study provides recommendations for optimizing the treatment and its potential application in similar industries.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Evaluación de Amenaza por Inundación y Avenidas Torrenciales en los Sectores Priorizados de la Comuna 10 y 11 del Municipio de Bucaramanga(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-03-31) Carvajal Giraldo, Nathalia Andrea; Vanegas Alfonso, Olga Lucia; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001512849; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002064600; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=w56HAo0AAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9562-8020; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1774-934XThe study addressed the objective of zoning flood and torrential flood hazards using a multidisciplinary approach that integrated hydrological, hydraulic, geotechnical, urban planning and social criteria. The development methodology included the use of hydrological models to simulate peak flows and evaluate return periods, complemented with geographic information systems (GIS) to analyze topography, watershed morphometry and land use. In addition, geotechnical studies were carried out to determine soil stability and evaluation sheets that identified socioeconomic and structural vulnerabilities in the dwellings in the study area. The results showed that the upper part of the Chiquita stream presents a low risk of flooding due to its topography and the capacity of the existing channel; however, the torrentiality analysis revealed characteristics associated with its drainage density and basin shape. Recommendations included the relocation of exposed elements, drainage channeling, sewage collection and the construction of mitigation works, as well as social considerations for urbanization management and control. This approach made it possible to accurately delimit hazard areas, prioritize mitigation measures and strengthen territorial planning to reduce future risks.