Estrategias de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático para el sector cafetero en el municipio de Monterrey, Casanare

Abstract

The climatic conditions determine to a great extent the procedures to be followed in order to obtain good quality coffee crops in certain regions. Colombia is a country that is internationally recognized for its authentic coffee, where the coffee growing region stands out in the production of this product. The municipality of Monterrey is located in the plains region of the country, a region that has increased its coffee production year after year. In this region it is common to see that the coffee activity is developed in properties with average extensions of two hectares, which in their majority are located in mountainous areas between the eastern mountain range of the Andes and the piedmont of the plains, where the crops stand out among a rugged relief and have very particular climatic characteristics for what is traditionally required for coffee crops. In the present work the problematic that the coffee sector is presenting was made known, since due to the influence of climate change different variables that can affect the quality and production of coffee crops are being altered. With the development of this project mitigation and adaptation measures to climate change were formulated and proposed for the coffee sector, articulated in environmental management programs that as a strategic tool serve to be applied in the producing farms of the municipality, and that in the medium and long term will allow the inhabitants of the municipality to maintain a productive balance that ensures their social and economic wellbeing, but that at the same time include improvements to the production processes in the region to make them more modern and adequate, seeking to generate sustainable crops through less polluting practices, which articulated with public policies of the municipality will improve the quality of life of the people and the ecosystems of the region. While it was found that the producers of Monterrey face several difficulties to carry out their productive activity such as the lack of inputs, methods and adequate work tools, the lack of roads and infrastructure to distribute the coffee loads, together with the more aggressive dynamics of the market, hinder the implementation of environmental policies in the sector. In accordance with the environmental and climatic diagnosis carried out, environmental management programs were proposed that are aimed at mitigating and generating adaptation in the coffee sector in the face of poor production practices and the environmental impacts generated by them, such as the management and use of soil to avoid erosion, the use of water and the management of spills, The management of toxic gases derived from agrochemicals, the management of solid waste, the possible effects on environmental health, and more concrete measures formulated for specific cases that occur in the municipality and contribute to generating solutions to the problems faced by coffee growers, always seeking to ensure that they have to assume a low cost.