Evaluación de la calidad del agua de las ciénagas en el área de influencia del campo petrolero Cicuco-boquete-Momposina

Abstract

Since 1956, the petroleum activity began in the Momposina Depression in the Caribbean Colombian region. This area is of great environmental fragility due to the great number of muddy systems. Because of this activity, the Colombian Company of Oils - Ecopetrol S.A. made a follow-up of the quality of the water in the water complexes that form a part of the area of influence of the fields, which are located in Cicuco-Boquete-Momposina in the lower basin of Magdalena river between El Banco and El Plato. Based on the results of the follow-up, this study analyzed the database of the period 2005 -2014 which is composed by 37 physicochemical parameters in 21 swamps. The purpose was to establish the evolutionary condition of the quality of the waters by means of the application of indicators and statistical tools. In order to carry out this analysis, we had to determinate the quality and pollution indicators of the waters (WQI - ICOs) based on the methodologies of the IDEAM (Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies of Colombia) and Ramirez (1997),11 the Analysis of Principal Components (PCA) and the information processed with the software Statgraphics. In addition to this, the results of the analytical follow-up were evaluated with regard to the quality criteria established in the Decree 1594, 1984 for the destination of the water resources and in contrast with the climatological information brought by the stations of the IDEAM in the zone. For the development of the present project it was necessary to consolidate the information, to purify the set of results, to impute the lacking information and to determine the descriptive statistics and outliers, as part of the essential operations of managing.