Growth factors and neuroglobin in astrocyte protection against neurodegeneration and oxidative stress
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2018-07-07
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson and Alzheimer, are among the main public health issues in the world
due to their effects on life quality and high mortality rates. Although neuronal death is the main cause of disruption
in the central nervous system (CNS) elicited by these pathologies, other cells such as astrocytes are also affected.
There is no treatment for preventing the cellular death during neurodegenerative processes, and current drug therapy
is focused on decreasing the associated motor symptoms. For these reasons, it has been necessary to seek new
therapeutical procedures, including the use of growth factors to reduce α-synuclein toxicity and misfolding in order
to recover neuronal cells and astrocytes. Additionally, it has been shown that some growth factors are able to reduce
the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are associated with neuronal death through activation of
antioxidative enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and neuroglobin. In the present
review, we discuss the use of growth factors such as PDGF-BB, VEGF, BDNF, and the antioxidative enzyme
neuroglobin in the protection of astrocytes and neurons during the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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