Evaluación espacio temporal de la calidad del agua del humedal Jaboque Bogotá Colombia

Abstract

The Jaboque Wetland is considered a key ecosystem for the city of Bogotá, due to the ecosystemic and environmental services it provides; however, this body of water is subject to different environmental tensors that hinder the provision of such services and, in turn, alter the physicochemical and biological quality of the water. The Jaboque wetland is divided into three sectors, with sector 3 being the area with the greatest anthropic intervention, followed by the second sector (S2), while sector 1, which borders the Bogotá river, is subject to less anthropic pressure. In the present study, based on descriptive statistics, the water quality of the Jaboque Wetland was analyzed at a spatial and temporal level, for which, the physicochemical conditions of the wetland's water quality were determined, from the historical record of twelve ( 12) physicochemical variables: pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, COD, conductivity, total suspended solids, oils and fats, nutrients (total phosphorus, nitrates and / or total Kjeldahl nitrogen) and surfactants, for a period of time comprised from 2004 to 2020; It should be noted that information was collected for most of the years included in the mentioned time window, as evidenced in Annex 3 and that the sampling points for which historical information was obtained were georeferenced, which allowed the visualization of the wetland sector to which each data corresponds; Likewise, it is important to mention that from the information collected, the data recorded only for the years 2004, 2005, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2019 and 2020 were analyzed, the above, because, for these years, there was information for the three sectors of the Jaboque wetland. The spatial-temporal analysis of water quality for the years 2017, 2019 and 2020 was strengthened by calculating and analyzing the ICA, BMWP / Col and ASPT indices. These indices were only applied for the three years in question, due to the fact that there was complete information on the physicochemical variables required for the calculation of the ICA, and from data of aquatic macroinvertebrates at the family level to obtain the mentioned biological indices. Finally, with the data of the physicochemical variables and the ICA, BMWP / Col and ASPT indices, the last two indices being calculated from the hydrobiological information "aquatic macroinvertebrates", the non-parametric test of Wilconxon Variance was applied and analyzed water quality at a spatial level (wetland sectors) and temporal (Years 2017, 2019 and 2020). The results obtained in the present investigation were focused on a spatial and temporal level. At the physicochemical level, for the time window between 2004 and 2020, in the three sectors of the wetland conditions of hypoxia, mineralized waters and waters contaminated by sewage prevailed. Spatially and temporally, for the years 2017, 2019 and 2020, the ICA index reflected water of poor and regular quality for the years 2017 and 2019, for the year 2020 contaminated waters for the three sectors of the wetland. On the other hand, the BMWP / Col and ASPT indices indicated highly polluted waters for the three sectors of the wetland for the years 2017 and 2019, while for the year 2020, highly contaminated waters.