Estrategias de prevención de enfermedades laborales por exposición química en personal de salud en una clínica de Pereira

Abstract

The objective of this research was to develop prevention strategies to reduce occupational diseases resulting from exposure to chemical substances among healthcare personnel at a clinic in Pereira, Colombia, by identifying the main chemical agents, characterizing their associated risk levels, and proposing preventive actions aimed at strengthening the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS).

The study adopted a descriptive and exploratory approach, supported by a comprehensive review of the scientific literature and current regulations. This was complemented by a semi-structured survey administered to 59 employees from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Emergency Department, Central Sterilization Unit, and General Services, as well as a technical observation of workplace conditions.

The findings revealed frequent exposure to chemical substances, particularly in the Central Sterilization Unit, Emergency Department, and ICU, along with the presence of respiratory and dermatological symptoms associated with such exposure. The study also identified deficiencies in employee training, knowledge of Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and the implementation of preventive measures for chemical risk control.

The discussion highlighted the need to strengthen chemical risk management through comprehensive strategies that include continuous training, improvements in engineering and administrative controls, the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and compliance with current occupational health and safety regulations. In conclusion, implementing these strategies will help reduce the likelihood of occupational diseases, reinforce a preventive safety culture, and improve the protection of healthcare workers against exposure to hazardous chemical agents.