Factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de síndrome del túnel carpiano como enfermedad laboral frecuente en trabajadores de oficina: revisión de alcance

Abstract

General Objective To analyze the risk factors associated with the development of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) among office workers, as reported in the scientific literature published between 2020 and 2025. Specific Objectives -To identify the primary occupational risk factors associated with the development of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome among office workers based on scientific literature published during the last five years. -To examine the physical consequences of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in office workers according to scientific evidence published between 2020 and 2025. -To propose evidence-based intervention and prevention strategies aimed at reducing the occurrence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in office work environments. Scoping reviews are designed to map key concepts and synthesize the available evidence on a specific topic without being restricted to the critical appraisal of individual studies. Consequently, they constitute an appropriate methodological approach for examining multifactorial health conditions such as Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in office-based occupations. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines (Page et al., 2021), considering publications from 2020 to 2025. Through this process, the variables and indicators relevant to the present study were identified in 19 scientific articles, enabling the research questions to be addressed comprehensively. A pathophysiological analysis is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying injury development. The reviewed studies indicate that maintaining the wrist in extreme flexion or extension positions leads to a substantial increase in intracarpal hydrostatic pressure. Consequently, office furniture and workstation designs that fail to support a neutral wrist posture may contribute directly to neural ischemia and subsequent neurological damage. The physical consequences of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome among administrative personnel encompass a progressive spectrum of impairment, evolving from sensory dysfunction to motor deficits that adversely affect functional independence, work performance, and overall productivity.