Propuesta de uso de bioindicadores acuáticos para determinar la calidad hídrica de la microcuenca La Tablona municipio de Yopal, departamento de Casanare y su incorporación en el ordenamiento hidrográfico

Abstract

The Tablona’s arroyo is the water source that supplies Yopal city with 139,000 of population according to the 2015 census. Since 1981, this micro-basin with 2,700 hectares approximately has been protected under the legal concept of the National Protective Forest reservation and since 2011 as Regional Natural Park of the Orinoquia. Nevertheless, the flow decrease has generated shortage issues to the population of Yopal as a consequence of the different economic activities carried out there, urban settlements presence and the water quality problems evidenced by the analysis and calculation by the ICA in 2014, as well as the lack of an appropriate ordinance of the micro-basin. For this reason, the implementation of aquatic bioindicators in this stream is a suitable way to determine the water quality and the incorporation in its hydrographic ordinance process, highlighting the use of macroinvertebrates as the best option to carry out a tracking, monitoring and evaluation of the water source because of the multiple advantages regarding its use, considering that these organisms respond to different changes in the physical and chemical parameters of water such as light penetration, pH, temperature, oxygen, turbidity, phosphates, nitrates. Additionally, the consulted and analyzed researches provided information about the macroinvertebrates found in the different water sources of the region and through them it is possible to conclude that the order of greatest presence was the Ephemeroptera with the families Chironomidae and Simuliidae.