Desarrollo Del Pensamiento Crítico Para El Mejoramiento Del Rendimiento Académico En Los Estudiantes De Quinto Grado De Educación Básica Primaria De La Institución Educativa José Agustín Solano

Abstract

This study was carried out at the José Agustin Solano Educational Institution, in Barrancas, La Guajira, and addressed the poor academic performance of fifth grade students due to a limited critical thinking capacity. The objective was to strengthen these skills to improve academic performance, using a critical action research approach. The process was developed in four phases: planning, action, observation and reflection. In the initial phase, weaknesses in students' critical thinking skills were diagnose. Subsequently, pedagogical strategies such as debates, case analysis and problem-solving activities were implemented, specifically designed for a group of students between 9 and 11 years old. Data were collected through participant observation, interviews, and analysis of academic products. The results showed a notable improvement in academic performance and in skills such as analysis, argumentation and problem solving. In addition, students developed greater autonomy, confidence and willingness for collaborative learning. The study concludes that strengthening critical thinking not only improves academic performance, but also contributes to the comprehensive development of students, promoting cognitive skills and attitudes of social responsibility. This approach is presented as a key tool for quality education. It is recommended to explore strategies adapted to different educational contexts in future research, in order to promote inclusive teaching that prepares students to face future challenges.