Manejo de Drones para Analizar Imágenes Multiespectrales en Agricultura de Precisión

Abstract

The article examines 25 studies that highlight the use of drones equipped with multispectral cameras and remote sensing technology to create detailed land maps and assess crop health. These tools allow farmers to make informed decisions about fertilization and irrigation, optimizing available resources and reducing operating costs. Drones also promote sustainability, establishing themselves as an essential tool in modern agriculture. Precision agriculture is presented as a technological approach that uses data and advanced tools, such as sensors, GPS, and satellite images, to efficiently manage resources like water, fertilizers, and pesticides. This approach not only increases crop productivity but also minimizes impacts. Furthermore, multispectral images captured by specialized sensors collect information in visible (red, green, blue) and non-visible (near, mid, and far infrared) wavelengths. These data allow for accurate analysis of crop health and soil conditions, as each material reflects light. In this context, the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) stands out as a key tool for measuring the quantity and condition of vegetation. This index is calculated using reflectance in the red (620-700 nm) and near-infrared (750-900 nm) bands. Multispectral sensors, depending on their resolution and purpose, provide more accurate data than visible images (Campbell). Finally, case studies show that the use of drones improves the production of crops such as rice and coffee, as it allows for the identification of low-yielding areas using indices such as NDVI, facilitating precise interventions and promoting more efficient agriculture.