Determinación de la influencia de El Niño - Oscilación del sur (ENOS) en la calidad de agua del Océano Pacifico, caso de estudio Bahía de Tumaco

Abstract

This document contains the report of the internship developed by the student Juan Diego Niño in the “Dirección General Marítima” (Dimar), and specifically in the Colombian Center for Oceanographic Data (Cecoldo), entity in charge of receiving and processing oceanographic data (meteorological data, physical, chemical, and biological oceanographic data, and marine biodiversity data). Likewise, this document also contains the results of the project developed within the entity, as set out in Chapter 9 (page 20) of Agreement No. 05 of 21 October 2020 "Regulations of Degree Options of the Environmental Engineering Academic Program of the Santo Tomás University", the internship corresponds to a "...practical theoretical work carried out by a student as a Practitioner or Intern, which aims at solving an environmental problem...". In this context, and under the guidelines and interests expressed by Dimar, we worked with marine water quality data from the bay of Tumaco expressed from the Marine Water Quality Index (ICAM), in order to correlate this index with the phenomenon of climatic variability known as the Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The study was conducted from data obtained in a time range between 2004 and 2014, period in which water quality monitoring of the bay of Tumaco was continuous, In this way, a normality test was performed with the data, a multivariate correlation between meteorological components and water quality in the study area and, finally, a multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA). The data were processed and treated in order to have annual half-yearly averages with the help of the SPSS software, which yielded results of the behavior of the meteorological variables over the time of study. According to the results obtained, it was found that water quality has a negative correlation with sea surface temperature, so that in the presence of the La Niña phenomenon (decrease in sea surface temperature) water quality in the Bay of Tumaco is better than in seasons of El Niño.