Análisis de alternativas para la gestión de los Drenajes Ácidos de Mina (DAM) en la industria de la minería de carbón en Boyacá

Vanegas Rojas, Maria Juliana

Análisis de alternativas para la gestión de los Drenajes Ácidos de Mina (DAM) en la industria de la minería de carbón en Boyacá

dc.contributor.advisor	Avellaneda Diaz, Elisa Maria
dc.contributor.author	Vanegas Rojas, Maria Juliana
dc.contributor.corporatename	Universidad Santo tomas
dc.date.accessioned	2025-12-10T14:53:28Z
dc.date.available	2025-12-10T14:53:28Z
dc.date.issued	2025-12-05
dc.description	RESUMEN En el presente trabajo se realizó una identificación y análisis de las alternativas más sostenibles en al ámbito ambiental y económico para el tratamiento de los drenajes ácidos de mina (DAM) generados por la minería de carbón en el departamento de Boyacá. Para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en la base de datos Scopus, donde se seleccionaron 30 artículos publicados entre 2015 y 2025, con el fin de estructurar una matriz de análisis y posteriormente evaluarla mediante un análisis multicriterio que consideró la eficiencia de remoción de metales y sulfatos, la sostenibilidad ambiental, los costos de implementación y la aplicabilidad de las tecnologías. Como resultado del proceso de revisión y evaluación, se identificaron tendencias claras en las tecnologías de tratamiento, diferenciadas entre métodos activos, evidenciando altos niveles de remoción de metales y una neutralización inmediata de la acidez, aunque, por otro lado, presentan limitaciones relacionadas con el uso continuo de reactivos, la generación de lodos y los elevados costos operativos. En contraste, las tecnologías pasivas y biológicas, especialmente aquellas que emplean humedales anaerobios, materiales locales de bajo costo y bacterias sulfato‐reductoras, demostraron mayor sostenibilidad, menor dependencia de insumos externos y una eficiencia adecuada para condiciones similares a las de Boyacá. El análisis permitió concluir que los sistemas pasivos basados en humedales anaerobios de flujo ascendente, complementados con materiales como caliza y ganga de carbón enriquecida con bacterias sulfato‐reductoras, representan la alternativa más viable para el tratamiento del DAM en la región, ofreciendo un equilibrio entre eficiencia, bajo costo, aprovechamiento de recursos locales y operación sostenible, constituyendo una opción adecuada para apoyar la gestión ambiental en contextos mineros regionales.
dc.description.abstract	In this study, an identification and analysis of the most environmentally and economically sustainable alternatives for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) generated by coal mining in the department of Boyacá was carried out. A bibliographic review was conducted in the Scopus database, where 30 articles published between 2015 and 2025 were selected in order to structure an analysis matrix and subsequently evaluate it through a multicriteria analysis that considered the efficiency of metal and sulfate removal, environmental sustainability, implementation costs, and the applicability of the technologies. As a result of the review and evaluation process, clear trends were identified in the treatment technologies, distinguishing active methods, which showed high levels of metal removal and immediate acid neutralization but, on the other hand, presented limitations related to the continuous use of reagents, sludge generation, and high operational costs. In contrast, passive and biological technologies, especially those that use anaerobic wetlands, low-cost local materials, and sulfate-reducing bacteria, demonstrated greater sustainability, lower dependence on external inputs, and adequate efficiency for conditions similar to those of Boyacá. The analysis allowed concluding that passive systems based on upward-flow anaerobic wetlands, complemented with materials such as limestone and coal gangue enriched with sulfate-reducing bacteria, represent the most viable alternative for AMD treatment in the region, offering a balance between efficiency, low cost, use of local resources, and sustainable operation, constituting an appropriate option to support environmental management in regional mining contexts.
dc.description.degreelevel	Pregrado	spa
dc.description.degreename	Ingeniero Ambiental	spa
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf
dc.identifier.citation	Vanegas Rojas, M. J., & Avellaneda Díaz, E. M. 2025. Análisis de alternativas para la gestión de los drenajes ácidos de mina (DAM) en la industria de la minería de carbón en Boyacá. [Trabajo de Grado Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Santo Tomás]. Repositorio Institucional.
dc.identifier.instname	instname:Universidad Santo Tomás	spa
dc.identifier.reponame	reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Santo Tomás	spa
dc.identifier.repourl	repourl:https://repository.usta.edu.co	spa
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/11634/70621
dc.language.iso	spa
dc.publisher	Universidad Santo Tomás	spa
dc.publisher.branch	CRAI-USTA Tunja
dc.publisher.faculty	Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental	spa
dc.publisher.program	Pregrado de Ingeniería Ambiental	spa
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dc.rights	Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 Colombia	en
dc.rights.accessrights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar	http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.local	Abierto (Texto Completo)	spa
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
dc.subject.keyword	Coal mining; Acid mine drainage; Mitigation; Passive treatments; Active treatments
dc.subject.keyword	Acid mine drainage
dc.subject.keyword	Mitigation
dc.subject.keyword	Passive treatments
dc.subject.keyword	Active treatments
dc.subject.proposal	Minería de carbón
dc.subject.proposal	Drenaje acido de mina
dc.subject.proposal	Mitigación
dc.subject.proposal	Tratamientos pasivos
dc.subject.proposal	Tratamientos activos
dc.title	Análisis de alternativas para la gestión de los Drenajes Ácidos de Mina (DAM) en la industria de la minería de carbón en Boyacá
dc.type	bachelor thesis
dc.type.coar	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.coarversion	http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.drive	info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.local	Trabajo de Grado	spa
dc.type.version	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion