Desarrollo, caracterización y evaluación biológica de sistemas nanoestructurados derivados del aceite esencial del clavo de olor (Syzygium aromaticum)

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dc.contributor.advisorCervantes Díaz, Martha
dc.contributor.advisorHerrera Sandoval, Laura Viviana
dc.contributor.advisorLeal Pinto, Sandra Milena
dc.contributor.advisorRueda Wandurraga, Verónica Lucía
dc.contributor.advisorBastidas Duarte, Sergio Esteban
dc.contributor.authorJiménez Gómez, Carol Tatiana
dc.contributor.authorRamírez Rojas, Heilyn Tatiana
dc.contributor.corporatenameUniversidad Santo Tomás
dc.date.accessioned2026-05-04T13:30:48Z
dc.date.available2026-05-04T13:30:48Z
dc.date.issued2026-04-30
dc.descriptionProblema: la obtención de nanomateriales de origen vegetal mediante enfoques sostenibles requiere estrategias de síntesis verde y evaluaciones integrales para establecer cómo la nanoestructuración modifica matrices naturales. En el caso del aceite esencial de Syzygium aromaticum y del eugenol, aún son limitados los estudios que articulen extracción, caracterización, nanoestructuración y evaluación biológica en un mismo diseño experimental. Objetivo: desarrollar y caracterizar sistemas nanoestructurados derivados del aceite esencial de clavo de olor y del eugenol, y analizar su influencia sobre propiedades fisicoquímicas y biológicas. Método: el aceite esencial se obtuvo por hidrodestilación asistida por microondas y se caracterizó por GC-MS. El eugenol se aisló mediante extracción ácido-base. Ambos precursores fueron evaluados mediante índice de acidez, índice de peróxidos, índice de refracción y densidad relativa. Luego se sintetizaron nanopartículas de plata por vía verde y nanoemulsiones O/W de eugenol por emulsificación espontánea. Los sistemas se caracterizaron por UV-Vis, DLS y SEM, y se evaluaron mediante ABTS•+ y fitotoxicidad en Lactuca sativa. Resultados y discusión: el aceite esencial presentó un rendimiento de 9,6 % y estuvo dominado por eugenol (67,9 %), trans-βcariofileno (16,8 %), acetato de eugenilo (5,1 %) y α-humuleno (2,4 %. El eugenol aislado alcanzó 90,9 % de pureza. Las propiedades fisicoquímicas indicaron estabilidad del aceite y del eugenol. Las AgNPs mostraron tamaños de 37,87–62,92 nm y las nanoemulsiones de 11,45–30,44 nm, con baja polidispersidad y estabilidad coloidal. NE-2 y NE-3 exhibieron mayor actividad antioxidante que el aceite esencial y los menores IC50, evidenciando que la nanoestructuración del eugenol incrementó la respuesta biológica en Lactuca sativa significativamente.
dc.description.abstractProblem: the development of plant-based nanomaterials under sustainable approaches requires green synthesis strategies and comprehensive assessments to determine how nanostructuring modifies natural matrices. In the case of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil and eugenol, studies integrating extraction, characterization, nanostructuring, and biological evaluation within a single experimental design remain limited. Objective: to develop and characterize nanostructured systems derived from clove essential oil and eugenol, and to analyze their influence on physicochemical and biological properties. Method: essential oil was obtained by microwaveassisted hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-MS. Eugenol was isolated by acid-base extraction. Both precursors were evaluated through acidity index, peroxide index, refractive index, and relative density. Silver nanoparticles were then synthesized by a green route, and eugenol O/W nanoemulsions were prepared by spontaneous emulsification. The systems were characterized by UV-Vis, DLS, and SEM, and evaluated through ABTS•+ and phytotoxicity assays using Lactuca sativa. Results and discussion: the essential oil yield was 9.6% and its composition was dominated by eugenol (67.9%), trans-β-caryophyllene (16.8%), eugenyl acetate (5.1%), and α-humulene (2.4%). Isolated eugenol reached 90.9% purity. Physicochemical properties indicated stability of both the essential oil and eugenol. AgNPs showed sizes between 37.87 and 62.92 nm, whereas nanoemulsions ranged from 11.45 to 30.44 nm, with low polydispersity and colloidal stability. NE-2 and NE-3 exhibited higher antioxidant activity than essential oil and the lowest IC50 values, demonstrating that eugenol nanostructuring significantly enhanced the biological response in Lactuca sativa under the evaluated experimental conditions.
dc.description.degreelevelPregradospa
dc.description.degreenameQuímico Ambientalspa
dc.description.domainhttps://www.ustabuca.edu.co/
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.citationJiménez Gómez, C.T. y Ramírez Rojas, H.T. (2026). Desarrollo, caracterización y evaluación biológica de sistemas nanoestructurados derivados del aceite esencial del clavo de olor (Syzygium aromaticum) [Trabajo de pregrado]. Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad Santo Tomásspa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Santo Tomásspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repository.usta.edu.cospa
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/72256
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Santo Tomásspa
dc.publisher.branchCRAI-USTA Bucaramanga
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Química Ambientalspa
dc.publisher.programPregrado Química Ambientalspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
dc.rights.localAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.subject.keywordSyzygium aromaticum, eugenol, nanoemulsion, silver nanoparticles, physicochemical characterization, biological activity
dc.subject.lembAnálisis de información
dc.subject.lembFitotoxicidad
dc.subject.lembNanotecnología
dc.subject.proposalSyzygium aromaticum, eugenol, nanoemulsión, nanopartícula de plata, actividad biológica
dc.titleDesarrollo, caracterización y evaluación biológica de sistemas nanoestructurados derivados del aceite esencial del clavo de olor (Syzygium aromaticum)
dc.typebachelor thesis
dc.type.categoryFormación de Recurso Humano para la Ctel: Trabajo de grado de Pregrado
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.driveinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.localTrabajo de gradospa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

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