Innovación y tecnología como estrategia para las organizaciones

Abstract

The concept of innovation has been defined by several authors: for Schumpeter (1934), innovation is understood as a process of creative destruction, which allows the economy and economic agents to evolve; It is also the way in which the company manages its resources over time and develops skills that influence its competitiveness. For its part, Unesco (1977) indicates that innovation involves the use of the results of fundamental and applied research in the introduction of new applications or in the improvement of existing applications. Finally, based on Schumpeter's definition of innovation, the Oslo Manual (2005) establishes that an innovation is the introduction of a new, or significantly improved product (good or service), a process, a new marketing method or of a new organizational method to the market and society. Innovation is also defined as the process that allows combining skills and techniques in order to provide novel solutions to particular problems (Fagerberg et al., 2005). Companies have played a central role in the processes of development, introduction and diffusion of innovations to the market (Schumpeter, 1983). In this regard, Porter (1990) affirms that the innovation process cannot be separated from the strategic and competitive context of a company. In accordance with the above, Drucker (1997, p. 64) argues that “systematic innovation consists in the search, organized and with an objective, of changes and in the systematic analysis of the opportunities that they can offer for social innovation or economic ”. Within this context, Afuah (1999) explains the need to know the dynamics of innovation.