Estandarización de una técnica de obtención de plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) en las clínicas odontológicas de la Universidad Santo Tomás de Bucaramanga

Abstract

The process of tissue repair is a complex cascade of biological events controlled by various cytokines and growth factors that provide the necessary signals at the site of injury. Right after a tissue injury occurs, several intercellular and intracellular signaling pathways are activated seeking to restore tissue integrity and homeostasis (1,2). Additionally, cellular and humoral components, inflammation pathways and the coagulation cascade are activated. From this a wide range of adjacent tissue cells shows marked changes in gene expression and phenotype, causing cell proliferation, differentiation and migration that induce the development of new microvasculature and microcirculation, critical for the restoration of homeostasis and finally the correct tissue repair and regeneration (3,4). The various pathological processes of the oral cavity can produce loss of bone tissue with consequent aesthetic and functional problems for the patient. Given the importance of the process of healing and cell repair in the field of oral surgery, methods that promote the healing process have been studied and developed. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) has been described as a therapeutic tool that offers advantages for soft tissue healing and bone regeneration (5,6). PRP is obtained from the centrifugation of anticoagulated blood and contains an abundant amount of platelets that provide a source of mitogenic activity and various growth factors and other proteins that stimulate healing. The standardization of the techniques for obtaining PRP contributes significantly to the efficacy in the clinical use of this tool that improves the functional recovery and aesthetics of the patients. The results show that centrifugation at 1800 rpm for 8 minutes is the best protocol under the conditions of this study to achieve the highest concentration of PRP (7-9). For all the above, the objective of this proposal is to standardize the technique of obtaining PRP according to the characteristics and infrastructure of the laboratories of the University Santo Tomás Bucaramanga, Floridablanca headquarters in order to provide information that will generate an opportunity to sell services and the integral management to the users of our dental clinics.