Evaluación de eficiencia hidráulica en rejillas de sumideros mediante investigación numérica tridimensional y verificación de resultados de experimentación física de prototipos

Abstract

Floods in urban areas are currently a more repetitive phenomenon, intense rains with important magnitude occur more frequently in the year, for the city of Tunja, the accelerated urban development towards the Northeast sector, has generated that planning urban was not optimal, for example, the drainage canals and road drainage have been insufficient, it is common to identify water storage in the streets of the sector, the waterlogging is generated mainly by the absence of rainwater collection grids or sinks, likewise , due to the inefficiency of its capture and localization.

This study produced the three-dimensional numerical modeling of the eleven types of lateral grids existing in the Santa Inés district sector. This research carried out the hydraulic evaluation using the FLOW-3D solver in version 12. Computational Fluid Dynamics or CFD (from the English Computational Fluid Dynamics, reproduces fluid dynamics in a hydraulic structure, which has been turning 3D CFD simulation into a technical support and development tool, allowing the set of real-scale models.

Full-scale digital models were created, taking into account the types of grids found by Chaparro Andrade & Abaunza Tabares (2021) in the Northeast sector of the urban drainage system of the city of Tunja, the configuration of the experimental physical model was maintained, testing the grid typologies for a combination of longitudinal slopes between 1% and 2%, keeping the transverse slope fixed at 1.0%, much in the results of the CFD model the collection efficiencies were determined and using the capturing flow through the grid and flow that circulates down the street and orifice-type discharge coefficient.

The results show the ability of numerical modeling to study the hydraulic behavior of inlets, predict the efficiency of intake grids in various road geometric configurations, and fit empirical formulations proposed in other investigations. Showing the need to update, adjust and complement the technical regulations for the design and construction of these surface runoff capture elements.