Maestría Ingeniería Civil con Énfasis en Hidroambiental

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/190

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Optimización procesos de floculación y sedimentación con un diseño factorial tratando agua del embalse de Teatinos
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-11-23) Avila Ruiz, Fernando Libardo; Gonzalez, Juan Pablo; Universidad Santo Tomás Tunja
The water treatment plant (WTP) of Tunja, Boyacá provides drinking water for a population of approximately 172,548 in habitants. The WTP treats a flow rate of 230 L/susing processes of aeration, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, anddisinfection. However, the raw water physicochemical characteristics of the Teatinosreservoir makes difficult its treatment using coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentationdue to its low alkalinity (4 – 6 mg/L as CaCO3) and relatively low pH (5,7 – 6,3). Theobjective of this research was to optimize the flocculation and the sedimentation processfor turbidity removal at the laboratory level using a regular jar tester and a factorialdesign. The factorial design allowed to assess three different velocity gradients (G) inflocculation, or slow mixing (10, 50 y 100 s-1), three different flocculation times (FT)(10, 15 y 20 min.), and three different sedimentation times (ST) (20, 30 y 40 min.),respectively, and their impact on turbidity removal. The results showed that the optimaloperational conditions in the jar test were: (G= 100 s-1, TF = 20 min. y TS = 20 min.),respectively for obtaining a residual turbidity of 0,77 UNT, which correspond to 78% ofturbidity removal. In addition, it was possible to predict final turbidity values of 0,20UNT in the jar test using a surface response methodology, the low turbidity valuecorresponds to operational parameters of (G=78 s-1, TF= 23 min. y TS = 30 min.),respectively.
Evaluación de las capacidades de SWMM para simular transitorios de tubería cerrada
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-01-26) Reyes Zipa, Pablo Javier; Cortes, Melquisedec; Universidad Santo Tomas
In the present work, an evaluation of the capacity will be carried out when implementing the SWMM Stormwater Management Model program. The software simulates the hydraulic and hydrological behavior of a closed pipe drainage system with respect to water in terms of quantity and quality, thus allowing a wide and effective observation of the condition dynamically, statically and with formats such as tables, graphs of evolution over time and statistical analysis among others. Therefore, decision making will contribute with appropriate designs to identify the conditions for simulation in closed pipes.
Construcción modelo hidráulico drenaje urbano con el software SWMM 5.1 caso estudio distrito Altagracia Tunja-Boyacá
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-01-28) Quinchanegua Pineda, Nelyda Lorena; Cortés Zambrano, Melquisedec; Universidad Santo Tomas
With technological progress, every municipality and public service company must more efficiently manage the storm drainage of urban basins from methodologies or models that adapt to the specific circumstances of the study areas in order to carry out control, mitigation or improvement of the problems. most common and frequent presented in cities such as floods, dragging of sediments into the system, overflows, ponding, pedestrian transit problems, among others, caused either by exponential urban growth that generates increased waterproofing, decreased green areas, response of constantly changing basins The dual models and the traditional model were evaluated and according to the quantity and quality of the information, the methodology applied in the case study was rain runoff, as a result, the procedure to build the model in SWMM 5.1 software was outlined. evidenced that the required information is not as detailed as in the construction of the dual model, where the catchment elements and their characteristics must be known and in the same way it allows an analysis of multiple scenarios as long as real information is obtained from the drainage system as are precipitation events and the record of representative wastewater flows
Evaluación del Efecto de la Alta Intensidad de las Precipitaciones en el Funcionamiento del Sistema Combinado de Alcantarillado en Zonas Pobladas Utilizando SWMM
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-01-26) Salamanca Velandia, Sonia Sirley; Cortés, Melquisedec; Universidad Santo Tomas
Population growth is increasing, and with it, the growth of urban areas, cities have been growing, and therefore their infrastructure, housing, roads, parking lots, shopping centers, among others, thus reducing the permeable areas and increasing the flood problems, it represents a hydrological phenomenon of great social impact; In the past, drainage design was often carried out according to a rational approach, in which climatic phenomena that increase the discharge rate and flow were not taken into account. It is not taken into account in the design process, it is evaluated by applying the SWMM model in different situations and densely populated areas.
Características hidráulicas de los aliviaderos (CSOs) en los alcantarillados combinados: enfoque teórico y protocolo de análisis.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-01-23) Holguin Moreno, Claudia Marcela; Cortez, Melquisedec; Universidad Santo Tomás
This research paper describes and characterizes spillways as part of combined sewerage systems. It provides a characterization and definition of the objectives in the operation of the system. In addition, it establishes a protocol that describes the methodologies identified in a descriptive bibliographic review for the dynamic computational modelling of combined sewer overflows.
Sistemas de drenaje urbano sostenible (SUD´s) y su modelación en SWMM
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-01-26) Castro Candia, Johny Arley; Cortés, Melquisedec; Universidad Santo Tomás
The changes generated in land use and the lack of vegetation in populated centers and especially in cities cause an increase in the impermeability of surfaces. The result of these processes is greater volumes of runoff water on the surface in response to the stimulus generated by precipitation. Taking into account that the rate of water infiltration in the soil decreases, by combining the lack of permeability of the surfaces and high-intensity precipitation events, the probability of flooding increases (Goonetilleke, Thomas, Ginn, & Gilbert , 2005). Paradoxically, there has been a confrontation between urban development and water management; even when it is undeniable that this precious resource is becoming scarcer every day. Day by day, urban surfaces become less permeable, thus modifying the natural flows of the hydrological cycle, affecting groundwater recharge and increasing the rate of runoff of water on the ground surface. Urbanization considerably affects runoff (Goonetilleke, Thomas, Ginn, & Gilbert, 2005), not only in volumes of water transported but also in pollution load. Alternative approaches are required to develop sustainable water systems in the urban environment, as components of a solution that allows integrating strategies within a landscape of organization and nature, where it tends to generate conditions similar to the natural ones of the basin, prior to the process. urban planning, which impact in the middle of cities, integrating landscape and architectural factors that provide elements of visual harmony in the environment (Saraswat, Kumar, & Mishra, 2016).
El modelo IBER como herramienta en el análisis de casos de riesgo por inundación
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-01-27) Ordu Berdugo, Sandra Marcela; Universidad Santo Tomás
The purpose of this research report is to present the characteristics and benefits of hydrodynamic modeling, specifically developed with the two-dimensional Iber model, and to evaluate its application in three real case studies, developed in different geographical areas, but with a common goal, which is to identify potentially flood-prone areas that may represent a risk in populated areas near the studied watercourses.
El modelo IBER como BORRAR
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-01-27) Universidad Santo Tomas
The purpose of this research report is to present the characteristics and benefits of hydrodynamic modeling, specifically developed with the Iber two-dimensional model, and to evaluate its application in three real case studies, developed in different geographical areas, but with a common goal, which is to identify potentially flood-prone areas that may represent a risk in populated areas near the studied watercourses.
Análisis de postproceso caso de modelización propia del estudio: calibration of manning's roughness in non-instrumented rural basins using a distributed hydrological model
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2021-12-13) Manchego Ramírez, William Doney; Caro Camargo, Carlos Andrés; Universidad Santo Tomás - Tunja
The objective of the case study "Calibration of Manning's roughness in non-instrumented rural basins using a distributed hydrological model" is to be able to approximate a Manning coefficient with vegetation and grassland covers in non-instrumented basins. For this, a comparison of hydrograms of the basins selected in the Iber and HEC-HMS program will be made, in which the hydrogram to be calibrated will be those obtained in the Iber software, it is highlighted that the variation of this coefficient allows more precise calculations of speed, discharge and depth of water in each discretization cell of the basin, which represents a more accurate output hydrograph with reality. For the case study, three basins with vegetation cover were taken, for the value of numerical curves the use of the land, the topographic characteristics of the area and the hydrological condition of the basin were taken into account, assuming a CN value of 70 and a precipitation of 75mm. According to the results, in the three basins a positive correlation was obtained between the Manning coefficients and the total precipitation values, the best correlation being that of basin two, because in this the Manning coefficient increases with the same intensity as the precipitation values, demonstrating that although the HEC-HMS software is not sensitive to changes in the coefficient, whether they influence precipitation data.
Protocolos de modelización para cuencas rurales
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-01-27) Hernández Mesa, Estefany Daniela; Caro, Carlos; Universidad Santo Tomás
Hydrological basins are considered a delimitation of the territory drained by a single natural drainage system, therefore, this is considered the minimum management unit from which it is possible to adequately manage the interactions between natural factors and social factors. In a more physical context, they represent a natural source of uptake and concentration of surface water, so its importance lies at the hydrological and volumetric levels. The basins, specifically the water captured by these systems, are a source of life for human beings, more, however, in the presence of extreme natural events, such as droughts and floods, this becomes a source of risk for them, this taking into account that sometimes these are caused in an anthropic way, as in the case of water pollution. Recently, hydrodynamic models have become helpful elements for predicting situations that are likely to generate an effect on the environment or on people, which is why through these models it has been possible to make decisions for the organization and management of hydrographic basins. In this vein, hydrodynamic models have become a useful tool for resolving events that require a high level of engineering. On the other hand, the management and planning of basins aims to plan the use and sustainable management of the environment and natural resources and thus create plans in order to generate consensus around the management, use and conservation of the basin. This document details the identification of the necessary requirements and procedures to develop a hydrodynamic model. Additionally, it covers a brief description of the different types of models, which are required for the simulation of the hydrodynamic behavior of a rural basin.
Evaluación basada en swmm de la mejora de las condiciones hidrodinámicas de la conectividad del sistema de agua urbano.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-01-27) Ramírez Pedraza, Shirley Yineth; Cortés-Zambrano, Melquisedec; Universidad Santo Tomás
This report will show the evaluation of the improvements in the conditions of a drainage system, taking as a reference studies carried out in different cities, in which floods have occurred, conditions of inefficiency in the existing sewerage networks or project approaches in which even without being built you want to study their behavior in advance; these documents will be taken as a basis for study, in order to identify the conditions found and propose improvements to the existing system through the use of the SWIMM program.
Análisis de sistemas LID modelados con SWMM para eficiencia de remoción de contaminantes
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-01-26) Gámez Morales, Andrés Mauricio; Cortés Zambrano, Melquisedec; Universidad Santo Tomás
This research seeks to relate the different LID systems that have been the subject from other research and publications in scientific articles, identifying their advantages and disadvantages. Then, the intention is to consider the results presented in research articles where water quality modeling was performed using SWMM software, showing results obtained and defining which of the mentioned LID systems generates higher pollutant removal efficiency.
Selección de eventos de lluvia para la calibración de un modelo lluvia-escorrentía en SWMM
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2021-12-06) Suárez Alvarado, Paula Andrea; Cortés Zambrano, Melquisedec; Universidad Santo Tomás
Hydrological modeling is an indispensable tool for optimal water resource management, whose performance and assertiveness depend on the model construction process, where the importance of the calibration and validation phases is highlighted. This research seeks to highlight the importance of carrying out a selection stage of the rainfall events to be implemented in the rainfall-runoff model SWMM with the purpose of guiding modelers in the development of this stage and in the construction of their hydrological model, based on the compilation and analysis of the modeling criteria taken by several researchers about this process. For the development of the research, a compilation of studies was carried out where rainfall series with varied duration and intensity characteristics were implemented, as well as the selection of a determined number of rainfall events for the calibration process. Among the main results obtained in this research, it is found that in a hydrological modeling, more events are used to calibrate than to validate, and these events are characterized by having high intensities. As for their duration, discrete events of short duration are used for calibration, while for the validation process, precipitation time series are implemented, with which the behavior of the model is observed in the face of intense and extreme downpours, as well as in different periods of drought or scarce rainfall. It is also important to verify the status of precipitation information and its measurement. It is recommended to complete missing data by implementing regression analysis and correlation techniques. Likewise, it is recommended to implement series that do not have significant gaps, preferably with gaps of less than 10% of the series. The measurement of rainfall events and the hydrological response of the basin have a significant influence on the quality of the model and its accuracy in the simulation, which is reflected in increased calibration time and number of iterations. This is still a problem that is notorious in some regions where there is a lack of instrumentation in watersheds and urban basins to improve water resource management. Although sensitivity analyses are fundamental for an optimal calibration process, everything starts from the response generated by the model with a rainfall event, making this variable of great importance in hydrological modeling and model efficiency.
Caso de estudio de Modelación Hidráulica con Iber
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2021-12-16) Talero Alvarado, Kenny Dahiana; Caro, Carlos; Universidad Santo Tomás
The indiscriminate occupation of the territory in Colombia due to the growing demand for space by national and foreign communities (migrants in condition of vulnerability) and the abundant existing regulations in our country but also its little applicability, have triggered a number of problems associated with the presence of people in potentially floodable areas or at least with the potential for them to occur events associated with the occasional overflow of small and large streams. In some cases, both the policies associated with the regulation of land use, the definition of urban expansion zones and their implementation in the processes of land use planning, they may have controlled or mitigated them, but in general, people live great uncertainty about the occupation of territories prone to adverse effects of nature and especially floods. Based on the above, it is necessary to implement new tools with low profit margins. error, that allow predicting the probability of occurrence and that help the municipal administrations and regional environmental authorities have to have elements that facilitate decision making, predicting reliably but also with the awareness of the scarce registration and the low identification that one has about the phenomena already occurred. In this sense, tools such as the Iber model allow the integration of existing information, adjust and model strategies with a good level of precision, thus improving the levels of predictive technical confidence in addition to facilitating the institutionality elements to be able to incorporate policies, regulations and restrictions on the occupation of the territory in susceptible areas, preventing, in addition to the accumulation of belts of misery due to the already chaotic national and even global economic condition, occur in areas with high disposition to the presence of phenomena associated with floods.
Propuesta de implementación de indicadores del Índice GWI para evaluar la gestión del recurso hídrico desde el desempeño del ente territorial como gestor público
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2021-12-16) Gaitán Suarez, Adriana Ines; Caro Camargo, Carlos Andres; Universidad Santo Tomas
With the elaboration of this study, a methodology is developed that allow to evaluate the Water Management Indicators for rural basins in relation to the policies, plans and programs of the National Government at the Departmental Level, from the secretary of environment and sustainable development, which It is the entity in charge of directing, supervising and suppor-ting technically and administratively the rural communities of the Department of Boyacá in Colombia, in its competence as administrators of the home Public services. The proposed management Indicators will be based on the indicators proposed in the water resource administration document - Water governance in rural watersheds, GWI index, as input to evaluate the management of the water resource and water governance of the administrators of the water resource, defending a rural watershed management index (GWI. As a result, a tool will be obtained to evaluate rural watersheds as an instrument in the performance of the functions of the Secretary of Environment and Sustainable Development of the Government of Boyacá, allowing, to build a methodology as a contribution to the identification of the problem in terms of sustainability and the ex-ploitation of water resources in rural areas, evaluating as study area three aqueduct systems of the rural area of the Munici-pality of Sutamarchan, which will allow us to show the general problems that exist in communities with provision of a water supply service deficient about quality, coverage and continuity.
Análisis de caso estudio real con uso de Iber
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-01-26) Juez Vargas, Myriam Cecilia; Caro Camargo, Carlos Andrés; Universidad Santo Tomás
The research work has been taken as a reference in studies of flooding in various sources in Colombia. In the case of the city of Tunja, the rivers La Vega and Jordán, sources susceptible to flooding, this phenomenon is not uncommon, mainly in the neighborhoods of Las Quintas, Mesopotamia, Los Rosales, La María, Santa Inés, Quince de Mayo, Pozo de Donato, institutions: Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia and Normal College for Men; the study to be analyzed is “Hydrodynamic modeling for the identification of flood zones in the city of Tunja”. The second case to be analyzed is the investigation called "Hydrodynamic Modeling for the Determination of Early Warnings by Flood in the Ecoregion of La Mojana - Nechí, Antioquia". For the third case to analyze is the research project called "Assessment of Threat Due to Flooding of the River Join in the Urban Area of the Municipality of Aguazul - Casanare Municipality of Aguazul - Casanare"
Regionalización de Curvas IDF en el Departamento de Boyacá – Colombia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-01-13) Casallas Chaves, Johana Catherine; Caro Camargo, Carlos Andrés; Universidad Santo Tomás
The regionalization of the intensity-duration and frequency curves in the study area, Department of Boyacá - Colombia, through the calculation of the IDF curves from pluviographic charts, curves available at IDEAM and curves constructed using the Gumbel method. It allowed determining the coefficients a,b,c,d,e and f of the equation proposed by Diaz Granados through a multiple variable correlation; the results obtained reflect an over-estimation of intensities around 10% in return periods of less than 25 years and 15% for return periods between 50 and 100 years.
Análisis del post - proceso de un modelo hidrodinámico en Iber, caso de estudio Quebrada Cashahuacra
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-01-26) Torres Vargas, Wilson Ricardo; Caro Camargo, Carlos Andres; Universidad Santo Tomás
This document was prepared with the purpose of developing a quantitative and deterministic investigation, since it will allow identifying the areas that present a high percentage of probability to suffer flooding processes on the sides of the study stream. The investigation was carried out mainly with the application of a hydrodynamic model, with the help of the IBER software. In the same way, this document will allow to develop the step by step of the pre - process and post - process in the IBER model, for hydrodynamic modeling of lotic water hides; in this way it will serve as a guide for apprentices or students who are interested in learning this tool. For the case study, the topography and satellite image information of the CASHAHUACRA stream was used, which has been extensively studied due to the frequent flooding processes that affect vulnerable communities. This stream is located in the Santa Eulalia district, Lima - Peru.
Viabilidad de utilizar la simulación continua en SWMM para la planificación de la conservación de los recursos hídricos
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2021-11-29) Quiñones Castillo, Jose Mauricio; Cortés-Zambrano, Melquisedec; Universidad Santo Tomás
The availability of water resources is a current problem, so being able to conserve water resources is a fundamental mission if sustainable development is desired. Planning the conservation of water resources is not an easy task, since hydrological processes are usually complex and it is necessary to make multiple assumptions and simplifications to estimate the volumes of water that participate in a water balance. This report evaluates the feasibility of using continuous modeling through the SWMM model as a tool for water resource planning through a literature review, reviewing various case studies where continuous modeling in SWMM has been used in practices capable of contributing to conservation. of the water resource. The literature consulted allows us to conclude that continuous modeling in SWMM is viable in different case studies, such as evaluating the recharge capacity of aquifers, quantifying the retention capacity of water resources in urban basins, evaluating sustainable drainage systems and comparing different solutions. Based on this, it is concluded that SWMM is a viable model in planning the conservation of water resources as long as the necessary resources for its use are available.
Análisis hidrodinámico comparativo de un escenario de inundabilidad a partir de los modelos bidimensionales Iber y Hec-Ras
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2021-12-14) Manosalva Castro, Andrea Fernanda; Caro Camargo, Carlos Andres; Universidad Santo Tomas
Modeling is a computational tool that allows an approach to different natural phenomena, in this case the flooding of populations developed near rivers, this research is focused on comparing two two-dimensional models through hydrodynamic simulation. in IBER 2.4.3 and HEC- RAS 5.0.1, for the recognized flooding scenario of the Moniquira River, Barrio la aurora sector and balconies of the Riviera Municipality of Moniquira Boyacá, and thus determine the benefits and weaknesses in the hydrodynamic characterization in the Study area, based on the theoretical comparison of the models, modeling, analysis and comparison of results, in order to recognize these tools as important management contributions and in decision-making in planning in the face of flood events. and in this way foresee damages caused by said phenomenon.

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