Diseño mecánico de una máquina trituradora para reutilización de polímeros.

Abstract

In Colombia, the increasing generation of plastic waste, particularly PET-type polymers, has become a significant environmental issue due to their low degradation rate and improper management. In this context, this project aims to design a mechanical crusher for polymer reuse in an academic environment, specifically at Universidad Santo Tomás. The project is based on mechanical design methodologies, particularly the process proposed by Ullman, integrating tools such as functional decomposition, PUGH matrix, and TRIZ matrix for optimal concept selection. Subsequently, a detailed design phase was developed, including torque calculations, motor selection, shaft dimensioning, transmission analysis, and material selection. As a result, a functional design of a crusher capable of processing 500 ml PET bottles was obtained, producing flakes between 5 and 8 mm in size while meeting operational, safety, and efficiency requirements. It is concluded that the proposed design is technically feasible for academic implementation, contributing to proper plastic waste management and promoting sustainable reuse practices.