Dificultades de aprendizaje de los niños del grado tercero de primaria del colegio Guillermo León Valencia

Abstract

This research was conducted based on professional practicum activities carried out during the second term of 2024 at the Guillermo León Valencia School, located in Barranca Lebrija, Cesar. The study aimed to identify difficulties observed in the learning processes of 20 third grade primary students—specifically in reading, writing, mathematics, and oral expression—in order to determine which areas required greater strengthening through pedagogical practice. Based on observations of the school context and situations encountered during the educational process, the study analyzed factors associated with these difficulties and guided the design of pedagogical strategies tailored to the students' needs. The research employed a qualitative approach, utilizing techniques and instruments such as direct observation, field journals, document analysis, problem tree analysis, structured surveys, and interviews. The results revealed difficulties related to reading comprehension and production, writing, the development of mathematical thinking, and oral expression. Additionally, institutional, familial, and socioeconomic factors influencing these learning processes were identified, including limited resource availability and the need to strengthen teacher training as well as academic and emotional support from families. Key effects observed included difficulties in academic performance, lack of motivation, and low self-esteem, alongside challenges regarding school interaction and participation. Consequently, the study highlights the importance of strengthening learning processes through playful, inclusive, and contextualized pedagogical strategies that foster student participation and address their educational needs. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts among teachers, families, and the educational community to provide timely support and, when necessary, refer students to appropriate professionals for specialized assessment.