Estrategias de mitigación del riesgo biomecánico en el teletrabajo: revisión de alcance 2020 - 2025

Abstract

Teleworking has become the most used work modality today, as a consequence of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this way, new challenges arose in relation to occupational health, due to the fact that certain tasks are carried out in inappropriate spaces that do not have an ergonomicdesign, which leads to an increase in biomechanical risks. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to describe the most common biomechanical risk factors associated with teleworking, highlighting the strategies aimed at mitigating musculoskeletal disorders, the interventions according to their orientation, showing trends and gaps in research. The systematic search was carried out in the international databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, combined with national and local academic literature, using Boolean operators and controlled terms. Studies published between 2020 and 2025 in English and Spanish were included, emphasizing ergonomic, educational, organizational, and technological interventions. The findings demonstrated predominant risks caused by inadequate postures, inappropriate furniture, lack of limits on Work time and insufficient active breaks. In addition to this, the review allowed us to know the mitigation measures such as the implementation of applied ergonomics programs, self-care training, work limits, and the application of digital monitoring solutions. It is concluded that the mitigation of biomechanical risk in teleworking Requires an integral and multidimensional response for its prevention and elimination through ergonomic, educational, organizational, and technological actions. However, there are gaps in research in the Latin American context and in longitudinal design studies that allow evaluating the effectiveness of the response to the applied interventions. Therefore, these results will be useful for planning future studies and developing new lines of research.