Análisis del Cumplimiento a la Gestión de Eventos Establecida en el Programa de Seguridad del Paciente en una Institución de Salud Acreditada del Norte de Bogotá

Abstract

The WHO (2019) defines patient safety as a discipline of health care that arises from the constant evolution of the complexity of health systems that can lead to increased harm to patients. The objective of this discipline is to prevent and reduce the risks, errors and harm that a patient may present during care.

Adverse events (harm caused to the patient during care) associated with unsafe care are one of the 10 leading causes of death and disability in the world, for high-income countries it is considered that 1 in 10 patients receiving health care suffer an adverse event, of which 50% are considered preventable; and for middle or low-income countries it is estimated that 134 million adverse events occur annually, which can cause approximately 2.6 million deaths.

For this reason, the WHO, recognizing that patient safety is a priority issue for health systems, adopted resolution WHA72.6 of 2019, which seeks to promote patient safety, raise awareness and understanding, allowing everyone to work towards solidarity and global actions.

One of the key points included in resolution WHA72.6 of 2019 is that institutions can have information reporting, learning and feedback systems with the aim of knowing risks, errors and adverse events that allow taking systematic preventive and corrective measures to help provide safe care.

In Colombia, Decree 1011 of 2006, currently repealed by Decree 780 of 2016, formalizes the Obligatory System for Quality Assurance (SOGCS), as the regulations and guidelines established so that the different actors in health can guarantee the quality of care; one of the attributes of this system is Patient Safety, which has been consolidating as a health priority.

The SOGCS leads the National Patient Safety Policy issued in 2008, which seeks to prevent unnecessary or accidental harm to patients during medical care, since medical errors and avoidable adverse events affect millions of patients every year and is one of the main causes of death in the world.

The policy sets out strategies for safe healthcare. One of the strategies given by this is the identification and management of safety events, which allow to know the existing failures in the processes such as: incorrect administration of drugs, incorrect identification of patients, falls, failures in procedures, etc. in addition to monitoring the increase or decrease of these.

Safety events are defined as unsafe conditions, incidents, adverse events and sentinel adverse events, depending on the degree of harm caused to the patient, so identifying and managing them at an early stage of occurrence will help strengthen safety, allowing health professionals to provide the best care to patients and minimize avoidable adverse events, since patient safety benefits everyone. In accordance with the above, and recognizing that patient safety is a priority issue in any health system, this document seeks to analyze compliance with the event management established in the patient safety program at the Fundación Cardioinfantil - LaCardio.

Taking into account the present project, it must be said that the motivation to carry out this research lies mainly in the need that has been evidenced in this institution on patient safety issues, since this being an institution that provides high complexity services has a high risk of presenting unsafe care. As a result of this need, this research is justified from the processes to be improved, the regulations and their applicability.

This research seeks to provide knowledge on the need for the management of patient safety events by describing how these processes are established in order to finally make a comparison between periods.