Desarrollo de pasantía como apoyo en la elaboración de programas de índice de agua no contabilizada en la Empresa Departamental de Servicios Públicos de Boyacá

Abstract

To obtain the title of civil engineer, the internship option was developed at the Departmental Company of Public Services of Boyacá, where, a job was developed to support the operational technical direction, in the unaccounted water index programs. Initially, the unaccounted water index programs, have as their main objective, to determine the losses that are being generated in an urban aqueduct network of a municipality whose population does not exceed 12,000 inhabitants, which were chosen for presenting shortages problems in 2018, so it is also intended to keep track of the current state of the entire drinking water service. As for the losses, these can present of two types, the first, called commercial losses, are those generated by unbilled volumes of water caused by error in the readings or defects in micrometers, clandestine connections, among others. On the other hand, there are physical losses, these are produced by leaks in the pipes, overflow of the storage tanks or in the drinking water treatment plants, these losses are divided into two types, visible and not visible leaks, in where the latter are more difficult to control. For the development of these projects, 8 municipalities were selected, these were Motavita, Oicata, Belén, Cómbita, Tota, Firavitoba, Saboyá and Sotaquirá, initially, technical visits were made to each of these, where diagnoses of the sources of supply, of the drinking water treatment plants and of the networks where it was possible, also, water foil tests, tightness and pitometry tests were performed. With these data, a report was made, which contains the general diagnosis of the entire aqueduct network, a business analysis, which is developed with information provided by the units and public service companies of each municipality, a plan was generated shock, which consists of providing alternative solutions to each inconvenience that has been found, and, finally, the percentage of unaccounted water index programs is calculated, where the problems are related to a greater degree of importance, and if they are solved, it shows how the future behavior of the network would be It was determined that all municipalities do not meet the maximum value of technical losses allowed by Colombian regulations, since resolution 0330 of 2017 mentions that the percentage should not exceed 25% of losses. It was found that the municipality of Motavita was the one who presented the lowest percentage with a value of 27.01%, and Sotaquirá the largest with 68.10%. In general, for all municipalities, these losses are largely due to non-visible leaks, such as clandestine connections or leaks in the pipes, it was also observed that in the municipalities of Firavitoba, Sotaquirá and Belén, the flow rate captured is much greater than the flow rate of capacity design of drinking water treatment plants, so this was the cause of the losses presented. Due to these programs, it was determined that the municipality of Motavita has a shortage and poor water quality, so the company began to develop a project to solve this, in Firavitoba, the PTAP is under-designed, so it is required to make an optimization of it, and finally, in the Oicata municipality, it is required to change the main storage tank, which is in poor structural and operating conditions.