Estudio de caso de las ventajas comparativas de la producción de leche de la Hacienda El Palmarito en el Municipio de Piedecuesta, Santander

Abstract

Colombia is the fourth milk producer in Latin America. With the current model of openness and globalization of the economy through increasing trade agreements, it is necessary to identify macroeconomic, commercial and sectoral policies that affect the competitiveness and comparative advantages of dairy production systems and the quantification of the effects of these policies. This research aims to empirically evaluate the comparative advantages and competitiveness in the production and marketing of milk in the Department of Santander. In this way, it is proposed to carry out a case study based on the Hacienda El Palmarito located in the municipality of Piedecuesta, Santander which is considered to be representative in the milk production system of this region. To do this, it is based on the method of the Policy Analysis Matrix of Monke and Pearson (1989). The conclusion is based on the estimation of the cost of private resources (CRP = 0.69) and the cost of domestic resources (CRD = 0.14). These indicators mean that for every dollar (1 USD) of imports that are replaced or of exports of milk that is generated, the milk producer earns USD 0.31 and the company USD 0.86. Therefore, it is economically and socially more attractive for the producer and the milk producing areas of the country to produce and sell the product in the domestic or international market, than to import milk or its derivatives.