Pregrado Economía

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/160

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Mostrando 1 - 20 de 205

Informe de práctica empresarial realizado en AVSA S.A
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-03-13) Vargas Buenahora, Karen Juliana; Olarte Dueñas, Maryi Yurany
The research focused on identifying a critical need within the company: the lack of an efficient system to manage and visualize data related to Tamo and Gas add-ons, which made strategic decision-making difficult. The main objective was to develop a dynamic dashboard in Power BI that would optimize the management of this data, allowing for clear and accessible visualization. Through this project, a technological solution was implemented that centralizes and analyzes information efficiently, improving the response capacity to market challenges and optimizing the company's internal processes. As a result, the company is expected to achieve faster and more informed decision-making, contributing to the digitalization and automation of its operations, which represents a significant advance in the continuous improvement of its processes.
Factores que inciden en la prevalencia de la venta informal de alimentos en el centro de Bucaramanga
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-03-07) Mayorga Ortiz, Silvia Julieth; Olarte Dueñas, Maryi Yurany
The informal sale of food in downtown Bucaramanga is a phenomenon that has persisted over the years, impacting the local economy and the quality of life of street vendors. This study analyzes the factors that influence the prevalence of this activity, considering socio-demographic, economic, and regulatory aspects. Through a quantitative and descriptive approach, structured surveys were conducted with informal food vendors in the area. The results show that the lack of job opportunities, low education levels, the need for income, and the flexibility of informal work are the main drivers of this activity. Additionally, challenges such as the absence of social security and precarious working conditions are evident. Based on the findings, strategies are proposed to reduce informality and promote the economic inclusion of these workers through public policies and formalization programs.
Determinantes socioeconómicos de la juventud colombiana sobre su interés de participar en procesos políticos para el 2020
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-03-01) Acuña Angarita, Jesús Alejandro; Mendoza Villamizar, José Sebastián; Rangel Quiñonez, Henry Sebastián
La presente investigación explora cómo en Colombia los jóvenes no son partícipes de los procesos políticos que de una u otra forma afectan el bien de la ciudadanía, esta presunta falta de interés se refleja en las estadísticas nacionales de aspectos como la participación en las elecciones presidenciales de 2018 y el plebiscito de 2016. El objetivo de este escrito es analizar cuáles son las variables que afectan el interés político de los jóvenes en la política en Colombia para el año 2020. Con el fin de desarrollar el objetivo planteado se optó por implementar una metodología de carácter cuantitativo, basada en un modelo Probit que hace uso de la base de datos Latinobarómetro. Los principales resultados de la investigación muestran que cuando los jóvenes sienten que sus derechos no están siendo respetados y encuentran malas prácticas en la política, pierden su interés en participar en la misma, además se aprecia una mayor participación por parte de los jóvenes de mayores estratos y del sexo femenino a comparación del masculino. Con la investigación se logró concluir que los jóvenes necesitan sentirse escuchados y respetados por el gobierno para demostrar su interés en participar en política, además gracias a los hallazgos encontrados se abre la posibilidad para futuras investigaciones centradas en las variables significativas que influyen en el interés político de las juventudes colombianas.
Análisis de las dinámicas empresariales en la zona formal comercial del centro de Bucaramanga
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-12-19) Londoño Silva, Sebastián; Balaguera Medina, Juan Sebastián; Olarte Dueñas, Maryi Yurany; Universidad Santo Tomas
This research analyzed the business dynamics in the formal commercial zone of downtown Bucaramanga, aiming to assess the sector's competitiveness and propose strengthening strategies. Through surveys conducted with stakeholders, three key aspects were addressed: the characterization of the main business dynamics, the identification of the most significant competitiveness challenges, and the formulation of improvement proposals. The study, conducted between 2023 and 2024, focused on analyzing economic activities and factors influencing business performance in the area. The findings highlighted both strengths and limitations faced by local entrepreneurs, providing valuable insights into the current state of the sector. These results serve as a foundation for implementing strategies to enhance competitiveness and promote sustainable development in Bucaramanga's downtown commercial area, benefiting its business ecosystem.
Efectos de la Pudrición de Cogollo en la actividad económica del sector Palmicultor de Santander
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-12-18) Mantilla Arenas, Héctor Andrés; Guerrero Guzmán, Enrique Alberto
Pudrición de Cogollo Disease is currently the biggest phytosanitary challenge of oil palm cultivation in Colombia, as it can attack palms at any phenological age aggressively and with a high dispersal capacity. Pudrición de cogollo is a disease caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora, which is capable of degrading the innermost tissues, in addition to deteriorating the emission of new arrows and therefore stops the growth of the palm. This disease was a severe crisis from 2007 in the palm oil sector of Colombia, specifically in Santander and Tumaco, with Puerto Wilches and Sabana de Torres being the most affected areas, where the loss of 5.5 billion pesos is estimated at the national level and a loss of more than 8000 jobs in Puerto Wilches alone. This brought with it not only an economic but also a social problem because small and medium-sized producers are the greatest driving force of production in the area. Therefore, this research work seeks to examine, characterize, understand and deepen the effects of pudrición de cogollo on palm oil production in Santander through the collection of data from the sector, in order to measure the impact on crops and thus propose strategies and actions for the palm oil economic activity of Santander.
Sostenibilidad de la sub-estrategia Red de emprendedores del IMEBU en el marco de la economía social y solidaria
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-11-14) Rangel Jurado, Juan Esteban; Vásquez Serrano, Juan Sebastián; Olarte Dueñas, Maryi Yurany
This research project was to assess the sustainability of the network of entrepreneurs created by the “Somos Locales” strategy of the Municipal Institute of Employment and Business Promotion of Bucaramanga (IMEBU). To achieve this, an initial document review was conducted to explore concepts and practices related to entrepreneurship, the popular and solidarity economy, and sustainable development, providing the necessary theoretical framework for subsequent analysis. In the second phase, a semi-structured interview was conducted with the coordinator of the IMEBU's economic reactivation strategy to understand the purpose and significance of the entrepreneurial network. Subsequently, a descriptive survey was administered to the city's entrepreneurs, aiming to identify their economic, social, and environmental needs and detect opportunities that could strengthen local entrepreneurship. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, enabling the analysis of both the sustainability and the various dimensions of the entrepreneurial network. Based on the results, the sub-strategy of entrepreneurial networks was described, and the main needs of entrepreneurs across different communes and districts of Bucaramanga were identified. Finally, strategies were proposed to strengthen the sustainability of the network, with the goal of improving the quality of life for entrepreneurs, both individually and socially.
Incidencia de la Transformación Digital en Colombia una Comparación con la OCDE.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024) Arévalo Barreto, Diego Felipe; Salamanca Ruíz, Olga Lucía; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000120281; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002170475; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=zhjZaiwAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5069-7182; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2323-0346
The research pretends to analyze the impact of the digital transformation in Colombia compare to the OECD countries before and after the pandemic. This analysis takes into consideration crucial economic aspects such as household well-being, which, in turn, affects individuals and businesses. The source of Internet access for companies represents their competitiveness, enabling them to offer goods and services. Additionally, the balance of payments for TIC goods plays a role in the country's competitiveness in comparison to its OECD counterparts in the progress and scope of the digital economy.
Estrategias del ministerio de ambiente y desarrollo de Colombia que convierten al sector productivo de la agricultura en una economía sostenible
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-09-13) Herazo Aragon, Juan Felipe; Minorta Nova, Danna Lucia; Ortiz Anaya, Henry
This study focuses on examining the Colombian government's strategy to understand and promote technology-supported sustainable agricultural practices, aiming to ensure long-term sustainability without adverse environmental impacts. Confronted with environmental challenges such as soil degradation, biodiversity loss, and water pollution caused by unsustainable agricultural practices, the Ministry has prioritized addressing this fundamental issue. Regarding specific aspects, a comprehensive analysis of technologies used in sustainable agriculture will be conducted, along with a meticulous assessment of the impact of sustainable farming practices on the environment. Additionally, detailed identification of potential obstacles to the effective implementation of sustainable agriculture, including disruptions associated with sustainable technology, will be undertaken. These objectives collaborate comprehensively to provide a holistic perspective on how technological innovation can support agricultural sustainability while significantly reducing negative environmental impacts. The evaluation of current technologies in sustainable agriculture details available technological solutions to encourage more sustainable farming practices. Simultaneously, examining the impact of these practices on the environment provides a deeper understanding of their contribution to environmental conservation, aligning with Colombia's Sustainable Development Goals. Addressing and overcoming obstacles and challenges associated with the implementation of sustainable technologies have proven to be an essential step in this crucial process. This fundamental procedure involves considering economic, regulatory, and knowledge-based factors that underlie a successful transition to sustainable agricultural practices.
El hombre un ser entre la racionalidad y la empatía: La encrucijada del conflicto
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-09-04) Vargas Correa, María Fernanda; Vargas Villamizar, Álvaro Javier
The following document is a result of the project "Analysis of the rationality of decisions from the perspective of Jon Elster through experimental economics and response theory to the TRI item" registered in the XI Internal Research Call of the Universidad Santo Tomas sectional Bucaramanga . Here a game theory model is presented that is based on a Hawk-Dove game, to simulate conflict scenarios and thus be able to investigate levels of rationality, a treatment with peers and strangers is also added, in addition to a control where no there is no conflict; The model is applied in 4 experimental sessions in a laboratory with a total of 80 participants, recruited by free call at the Universidad Santo Tomas sectional Bucaramanga. The experimental results show that the levels of rationality under the different treatments are successfully evidenced, and as a general conclusion these levels decrease when in conflict with peers, this is explained by a link that is generated throughout the rounds that we call empathy.
Propuesta metodológica que integra las percepciones de movilidad en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-08-26) Maldonado Palacios, Yiseth Carolina; Jaimes Ángel, Maria Carolina; Chacón Mejía, Catalina
The objective of this research is to build a useful methodology that determines the type of mobility of individuals in the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga and that allows the analysis of the best transportation alternatives for citizens. The study is qualitative based on the construction of origin-destination surveys. Through the systematic review of existing surveys, new variables are incorporated, textual processing of the information is carried out and it is proposed from another approach to know the way in which individuals perceive the means of transport in the AMB, based on a deepening of their perceptions and interpretations. As for the results, there are three moments: the execution of the review matrix composed of variables unified in certain categories; the construction of the new mobility survey considering the variables previously extracted from the review, in addition to additional variables determined by the current challenges in terms of mobility; and the design of guidelines with a focus beyond the traditional parameters under which the mobility exercise is governed. Regarding the conclusions, it is possible to evaluate mobility from a focus where the user is the most important thing and both the quality of the systems and the experience of the individual when using a means of transport can be determined; that is why the designed proposal allows to execute actions in favor of its improvement and efficiency as a key element for economic development.
El Rol De Las Billeteras Digitales En La Economía Colombiana: Exploración de inclusión Financiera y Productividad Laboral
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-08-14) Herrera Castellanos, Marlon; Riaño Sarmiento, Jhon Gelver; Guzmán Guerrero, Enrique
Self-archive of Theses and Degree Works of Undergraduate, Specialization Masters and Doctorate students Universidad Santo Tomás, in order to be published in the institutional repository The CRAI-USTA Resource Center for Learning and Research will reserve the right to publish documents - That contain confidential information That do not clearly and expressly state the intellectual property rights, as well as the express authorization of the owner. Likewise, the CRAI-USTA will refrain from making corrections to the published documents Unless they are corrections corresponding to the descriptive data of the information.
Análisis Textual sobre la Implementación de Herramientas Lean Manufacturing en Empresas de América Latina
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-08-21) May Calderon, Juan David; Rangel Quiñonez, Henry Sebastián
The main objective of this research project is to address the specific challenges faced by small and medium enterprises in Latin America during the implementation of Lean Manufacturing for the optimization of their processes, measuring the impact of each implementation through a mixed methodology that includes literature review, case studies, documentary analysis, creation of graphs and impact measurement, complemented with the integration of artificial intelligence technologies to compare the results obtained. With this approach, this project aims to contribute to the knowledge and offer concrete recommendations to boost efficiency and competitiveness through the application of Lean Manufacturing in the Latin American business context. To achieve the above, the various publications found will be categorized according to tools, implementation methodologies, business sectors and the impact that Lean Manufacturing has had on companies in different sectors in Latin America; for this purpose, the Prisma method will be used. Subsequently, the results of the literature review developed will be compiled, classifying, and integrating the different results and impacts related to the subject under study. Finally, the experiences evidenced in the companies with the implementation of Lean Manufacturing will be detailed.
Efectos económicos generados por el tratado de libre comercio (TLC) con Estados Unidos en el sector cafetero colombiano para el período 2005 – 2022
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-08-16) Caballero Yáñez, Daniel Felipe; Rangel Quiñonez, Henry Sebastián
Free trade agreements are agreements that are practiced by several countries around the planet; these treaties create free trade zones between two or more countries. An example of an FTA is the one signed by Colombia and the United States in 2012, where tariff preferences were agreed for the marketing of coffee, which is Colombia's flagship product and represents an important part of national agricultural production. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the economic effect generated by the FTA with the US in the Colombian coffee sector. The investigation was of a mixed nature; The data collection was qualitative and quantitative, the sources of information used were primary and secondary; The data that was used was collected from the open databases of the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE). Qualitative data was also collected through interviews with experts from the Colombian agricultural sector; The period of the selected data was 2005-2022 to cover years before and after the entry into force of the treaty. The data were analyzed using the ARIMA and smoothing econometric models; In addition, with these data, a continuous regression was carried out to predict the behavior of the coffee sector between the years 2023-2033. The results showed that the tariff was eliminated to export coffee to the United States, this elimination allowed the income received by Colombian exporters to increase over the years, an increase in yield per hectare and the valuation given to it was also evident. overlooks Colombian coffee; The FTA also generated an increase in the import of organic chemical products.
Costos de inversión y beneficios del tratamiento de aguas residuales no domesticas denominada electrofloil (®) en el establecimiento comercial Servicentro de Prisa – Ecolavado
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-07-09) González Vera, Paula Daniela; Caraballo, Leonardo Javier
The objective was to carry out an analysis of the investment costs and benefits of non-domestic wastewater treatment called electrofloil (registered trademark) in the Servicentro de Prisa – Ecolavado commercial establishment. The problem: the lack of real estimated costs associated with wastewater treatment systems, in companies that have insufficient sustainability policies such as car washes and which require the aforementioned real estimated costs to adjust their processes and indicators. The methodology was developed with a mixed approach, with a type of descriptive design. To recognize the current processes in the establishment, five instruments were used, with a field visit form and semi-structured interview format, applied to workers and managers. The results: regarding investment costs, the total is $66,741,000=. and in terms of benefits, the company avoids paying fines, improves the brand, reputation and image, avoids costs for not discharging water with detergents and oil residues, energy savings if an energy generation with photovoltaic cells for own consumption. It is concluded that the implementation of the electrofloil system in Prisa's Servicentro establishment generates environmental, economic and social benefits that offset the investment costs in the medium term.
Análisis de la percepción de empresarios y sindicatos de trabajadores respecto a las políticas de empleo implementadas en el distrito de Barrancabermeja 2018 al 2022
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-07-15) Montiel Brango, Eduardo José; Mendivelso Mancilla, Juan Esteban; Olarte Dueñas, Maryi Yurany
Labor market dynamics in the District of Barrancabermeja have been characterized over the years by a strong industrial and oil base, which has acted as the main economic activity in the city, but which, in turn, has been marked by a high incidence of indicators such as unemployment and labor informality, thus presenting an economic reality very specific to the region. This document covers a study of the labor market with the objective of analyzing the perception of entrepreneurs and workers' organizations on the employment policies implemented in Barrancabermeja in the period between 2018 and 2022, through a comparative matrix that allows establishing similarities and differences between the results of indicators and the perception of labor market actors, highlighting the scenarios prior to the pandemic and the subsequent economic reactivation in the territory, for which the research is established through a qualitative approach of descriptive type, collecting first-hand information for the application of a non-probabilistic sampling at convenience. In general terms, it was concluded that the perception of employment policies is determined by interests, political positions and fears and aversion to uncertainty.
Estudio de los determinantes de satisfacción laboral post COVID, para el aumento de la productividad empresarial en Colombia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-06-21) Solano Ramos, Sebastian Felipe; Martínez Araque, Julían Andrés; Ortiz Anaya, Henry
In economic science, the importance of studying the determinants of job satisfaction arises from empirical evidence showing a close relationship between satisfaction and employee productivity. The central objective of this research is to identify the determinants of job satisfaction in the post-COVID era in Colombia to enhance performance in local organizations. This is achieved through analyzing results from the "Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares" (GEIH) survey by DANE, comprising an annual sample of approximately 240,000 households. The survey assessed job satisfaction in Colombia in 2021, following the economic crisis caused by COVID-19. The methodology of this thesis involves a descriptive statistical analysis of the studied variables and three regressions to identify the determinants of job satisfaction. Since job satisfaction is a binary variable, discrete choice models were applied: i) linear probability model (LPM), ii) Logit model, and iii) Probit model using Statistical Software for Data Science (STATA, 2023). The study concluded that the variables with the most significant impact on job satisfaction were income, compatibility between family and work responsibilities, pensioner status, contributions to Family Compensation Fund, Occupational Risks Administrators (ARL), and the duration of employment at the company. These determinants are identified as fundamental factors for improving performance in local organizations in Colombia.
Propuesta de estructura de costos relacionados con la atención en salud del proceso de Hemodiálisis la IPS Unidad Renal del SARARE de la ciudad de Saravena
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-05-06) Durán Parra, Uriel Enrique; Roa Morantes, Maria Ximena; Ortiz Anaya, Henry; Universidad Santo Tomas
The present study consists of the development of a cost structure related to the health care of the Hemodialysis process at the IPS Renal Unit of the SARARE of the city of Saravena, as a deliverable proposal. To achieve this, it was proposed to diagnose the current costing method, in order to determine the costs associated with the activities and inputs, which allowed establishing the service costing system. Methodologically, it was a descriptive, exploratory-quantitative study, which made it possible to design a cost structure that will become a practical tool in the process. In terms of results, limitations were revealed in the existing model, including a lack of granularity and differentiation of costs, as well as an inadequate inclusion of variable and fixed costs not related to hemodialysis. However, a detailed analysis made it possible to identify and quantify the costs associated with various activities and inputs, facilitating a precise understanding of the cost structure. The implementation of a more detailed cost system is considered essential to address these deficiencies and allow for more effective and transparent cost management, as well as a projection of the cost structure that facilitates competitive and sustainable pricing in the market. These findings lay the foundations for a more efficient and sustainable provision of Hemodialysis services, benefiting both the institution and the patients served.
Análisis de las políticas fiscales colombianas que han afectado las condiciones de empleo de Bucaramanga en el sector moda en el periodo 2018 a 2022
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-03-08) Delgado Estupiñan, Andrea Yuliana; Olarte Dueñas, Maryi Yurany
The purpose of this paper is to conduct an analysis of Colombian fiscal policies that have affected the employment conditions of Bucaramanga in the fashion sector in the period 2018 to 2022, where the employment conditions of the sector are exposed, the fiscal policies that are related to employment conditions are described and the economic effects that fiscal policies produce in the employment conditions of the sector are defined. The study is of a mixed type, with a descriptive scope, a non-experimental design and stratified sampling, with a sample of 352 companies, with information extracted from primary sources such as a self-survey and an interview with experts and from secondary sources such as a bibliographic review and databases to support the figures, and was structured in five chapters: The first, the description and approach to the problem; the second, the frame of reference; the third, the research methodology; the fourth, the results and recommendations; and the fifth, the conclusions of the study where it can be concluded that the fashion sector plays a fundamental role in the Colombian economy due to its contribution to employment, exports and the promotion of Colombian culture, being determinant in the economic growth of the country; however, employment conditions have been affected by the implementation of the different fiscal policies in terms of investment, innovation, productivity and competitiveness.
Oportunidades de la cadena de valor del café producido en Colombia en el marco de la alianza del pacífico
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-12-20) Mantilla Prada, Karen Tatiana; Rodríguez Zárate, Lizeth Gabriela; Páez Ardila, Diana Carolina
This research evaluated the export opportunities of coffee produced in Colombia through its value chain and the estimation of comparative advantage revealed in the framework of the Pacific Alliance to take advantage of the country's economic integration processes. Through a documentary review, the chain was characterised, subsequently the index of comparative advantage revealed by the links that make up the coffee value chain for Colombia with respect to countries of the Pacific Alliance was calculated, as well as the type of existing trade through the Grubell & Lloyd index. Finally, alternatives for productive linkages were established. The research showed that there were no comparative advantages revealed due to the low volume of existing trade between Colombia and the other countries of the Pacific Alliance, however, in some links there was evidence of intra-industrial trade, which would allow the establishment of possible productive linkages, in order to take advantage of the opportunities that would be generated for Colombia and thus expand its coffee market, entering markets such as Japan, China, Belgium, Uruguay and Malaysia. In order to achieve these linkages, four programmes were proposed, focused on improving governance, commercial infrastructure, productivity and financing for producers, as well as processing and industrial scaling-up in the sector.
Determinantes socioeconómicos de las movilizaciones sociales juveniles en los años 2015-2020 en los países hispanohablantes
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-12-20) Buitrago Sandoval, Christiam Obdulio; Santos Piñeres, Braynner Denixon; Rangel Quiñonez, Henry Sebastián
Social mobilizations are phenomena that have been increasing in Spanish-speaking countries from 2015 to 2020, and this increase has caused numerous problems in the political and economic context of these societies, these phenomena being caused by young people who, perceiving discomfort, They have a tendency to express their dissatisfaction. The objective of the research is to determine the most influential variables in the propensity for a young person to go out to demonstrate in the socioeconomic aspect, using a logit model that presents two scenarios: whether or not the young person has gone out to demonstrate, and together with this, joining these individual responses with socioeconomic variables to correlate these two dimensions. The results indicated that the socioeconomic variables that most influence discomfort are those that refer to the loss of purchasing power of young people, and, among the central findings, are the importance of spending on education for the perspective that students have. young people facing social welfare.

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