Preservación alveolar, cuatro materiales utilizados como injerto de alvéolo posterior a la extracción dental: una revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Different alveolar crest preservation techniques have been proposed to maintain the architecture of hard and soft tissues, with the ultimate goal of avoiding additional augmentation surgery, one of which is the use of a bone graft, which is classified as allograft, xenograft, alloplastic, and autograft. Objective: To analyze the evidence available in the scientific literature on the alveolar preservation of four materials used as grafts after tooth extraction without flaps published in the last five years. Materials and methods: Secondary source study, a systematic review of clinical trials published in English between 2019 and 2023 through the databases: Pudmed, Dentistry and oral science source, Web of science, Science direct, Scielo and Scopus. Articles including at least two types of bone grafts were included and a risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration guideline. Results: In general, the different investigations used similar populations, but they varied according to the types of bone graft evaluated and the type of measurement of alveolar preservation, which occurred in three ways, one through a histological analysis, another thanks to a periodontal probe or a caliper that directly measures the dimensions of the alveolar crest, and another consisted of a radiographic analysis. Conclusions: All the materials used as bone grafts help alveolar preservation after an extraction, however, more scientific evidence is needed to determine which of the materials obtains a better result.