Prácticas Lecheras En Ganado Bovino Entre México Y Colombia

Abstract

In Colombia, production is developed in semi-intensive systems in high-altitude areas, emphasizing agroecological management and the sustainable use of natural resources. In contrast, Mexico predominates with intensive systems located in semi-arid regions, characterized by high levels of technology and advanced management strategies. These differences highlight the importance of adapting practices to local conditions, maximizing yield and sustainability. The study delves into key aspects such as dairy breeds (Holstein, Brown Swiss, and Jersey), whose performance and adaptability vary in each country; feed management using local forage and supplements; and the technologies employed, ranging from mechanized milking to digital tools for monitoring livestock productivity and health. Additionally, it analyzes the impact of public policies on the sector, showcasing Mexico's focus on technological advancement and Colombia's model centered on associativity and sustainable practices. Proposals for technical and academic collaboration between the two countries are emphasized, promoting joint research, technology transfer, and strengthening networks among producers, universities, and governmental entities. These initiatives aim to enhance the sector's competitiveness while ensuring sustainability in the face of global challenges such as climate change. The document concludes by underscoring the importance of binational cooperation to establish a more efficient and competitive dairy sector in the Latin American region. It also provides specific recommendations, such as fostering renewable energy, training producers, and adopting clean technologies to ensure the quality and sustainability of dairy production in both countries.