Análisis Comparativo de la Zonificación de Amenaza entre los Planes de Ordenación y Manejo de Cuencas Hidrográficas (POMCA) y los Planes de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT): Implicaciones para la Gestión de Riesgos en Colombia. Estudio de Caso: Cuenca del Río Bogotá: Municipio de Sopó

Abstract

This project focuses on comparing hazard zoning between the Watershed Management Plans (POMCA) and the Territorial Ordering Plans (POT) in Colombia, with a specific focus on the Bogotá River basin, particularly in Sopó. The main objective is to examine the differences and similarities between these instruments to improve the understanding and management of risks associated with natural phenomena and human activities in vulnerable areas.

In the context of comprehensive water resource management and natural hazard management in Colombia, POMCA and POT are analyzed as fundamental elements for territorial planning and management. The importance of an integrated and participatory approach that considers physical, social, and economic aspects to manage water resources and human activities in the basin is highlighted. Both instruments, POMCA and POT, coordinate territorial planning and water resource management, mutually influencing the zoning of natural hazards.

A detailed analysis of the updated relevant regulations provides an in-depth understanding of the responsibilities and competencies of entities concerning hazard zoning and risk management in Colombia. The updated regulatory hierarchy, the distribution of competencies among entities, the importance of environmental considerations, and the need for coherent hazard zoning based on rigorous technical studies are emphasized.

The methodological guides provided by the updated regulations for hazard zoning studies in POMCA and POT are then analyzed. Decree 1640 of 2012 for POMCA and Decree 1807 of 2014 for POT are identified, along with specific guides for mass movements, floods, and torrential floods provided by entities such as the Colombian Geological Service (SGC) and the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM). The existence of methodological guidelines available in Colombia for hazard zoning is recognized, representing a significant advancement in risk management. These guides allow for more coherent results and reduce discrepancies in hazard zoning between basins and municipalities if managed on the same scales and incorporated into current POT and POMCA.

Subsequently, a comparative analysis was carried out using GIS tools, where intersections between the hazard zonings of POMCA and the Basic Risk Study (EOT) of the municipality of Sopó were performed to determine the percentages in which different hazard typologies intersected and where they differed. This analysis revealed significant variations between the hazard zonings of POMCA and the Basic Risk Study of the municipality of Sopó.

An analysis of the discrepancies in hazard zoning between the Bogotá River POMCA and the Basic Risk Study of the Municipality of Sopó was conducted, finding important implications for risk management and territorial planning in Colombia. Expert interviews highlighted various causes of these discrepancies, such as procedural errors and methodological differences. The implications range from inappropriate land use to administrative disputes and economic strain. To address these discrepancies, solutions such as updated regulatory and methodological reviews, technical strengthening, training, inter-institutional coordination, and monitoring are proposed.