Efectos a Corto Plazo de la Contaminación del Aire sobre la Mortalidad Cardiopulmonar en la Localidad de Engativá-Bogotá

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the short-term effect of air pollution on cardiopulmonary mortality in the population of Engativá, Bogotá, through a multi-pollutant approach. Methodology: an ecological study of time series with Poisson regression was carried out, between the years 2009 and 2014 for the locality of Engativá. The collection and organization of air pollution data (CO, SO2, NO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5) and meteorological information was provided by the “Sistema de Vigilancia de Calidad de Aire de Bogotá” and data on mortality data from cardiopulmonary diseases were obtained from the “Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá”, establishing the relationship between criteria pollutants and the increase of mortality in the population. Stata 11.0 was used for statistical analyzes. Results: The mortality, due to cardiopulmonary diseases in the locality of Engativá, is higher in the age group over 65 years old, highlighting that there is a higher mortality due to cardiovascular than by respiratory diseases. In addition, PM10 is the only pollutant that exceeds its concentration according to the maximum permissible limits established in Resolution 610 of 2010 emited by “Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible “ and in the WHO Guidelines for atmospheric pollution, and ozone (O3) showed the greatest impact on the indices of risk in most of the diseases. Finally, a relationship was found between the risk of mortality due to different diseases, in the group of all ages, and in those over 65 years of age; this is the resulting from an increase in the levels of the different criteria pollutants and their combination among them, with greater effect in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction.