Una mirada al manejo cárnico en Brasil y Colombia, enfocándose en la fase de ceba o engorde

Abstract

This research focuses on the detailed analysis of the management of beef cattle in Brazil and Colombia, two South American nations that play a prominent role in the livestock industry globally. This study is framed in a pertinent context, marked by the consideration of opening up exports, especially in view of what is currently happening with meat livestock exports to China, which adds a strategic dimension to the management of this fundamental resource (FAO , 2020). In 2020, Brazil established itself as the largest exporter of beef in the world, with approximately 2.5 million tons exported, while Colombia, although it has a relevant livestock sector in Latin America, registers considerably lower production and exports compared to Brazil, with 2020 beef production of approximately 10 million tons, is among the top producers globally. In contrast, Colombia produced around 550,000 tons of beef that same year, according to figures from the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA). However, when addressing this industry, various problems are identified that both nations face. First, environmental sustainability emerges as a primary concern, especially in Brazil, where intensive livestock farming has been associated with the deforestation of the Amazon and the emission of greenhouse gases. In Colombia, although to a lesser extent, challenges related to environmental sustainability in livestock production are also faced. Furthermore, in both Brazil and Colombia, concerns have been raised regarding animal welfare in intensive fattening operations, as well as competitiveness and access to international markets. Brazil faces challenges to compete in the global market due to sanitary and phytosanitary barriers, while Colombia, with limitations in the scale of production and in its infrastructure and logistics, also seeks to improve its position in the international arena. In this scenario, the relevance of livestock farming not only translates into the satisfaction of domestic food demands, but also projects a significant impact on the economy and commercial possibilities of both countries. Through this monograph, we seek to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges, achievements and perspectives that outline the current and future landscape of beef cattle management in these two nations, thus contributing to an informed dialogue on the viability and sustainability of exports of meat products.