Análisis de la efectividad de sistemas de humedales artificiales construidos como tecnología apropiada en la Orinoquia colombiana para la depuración de aguas residuales caso de estudio: "la topochera llanera"

Abstract

The present thesis addresses the analysis of the effectiveness of an artificial wetland system built as an appropriate technology for wastewater treatment in the Orinoquía region of Colombia, focused on the case study of "La Topochera Llanera." From that perspective, three plant species were evaluated according to their ability to remove key contaminants, including organic matter, nutrients, and pathogens. In this regard, the results demonstrated that the construction of artificial wetlands is an effective and sustainable solution for wastewater treatment in the region, where environmental and socioeconomic conditions demand low-cost technologies and high resource availability. However, at the same time, the efficient selection and combination of specific plants must be implemented and monitored in the long term to achieve compliance with treatment according to water quality standards. In this context, the methodology of this project consisted of an experimental field investigation that not only contributes to the knowledge of artificial wetlands in the Orinoquía region but also provides practical recommendations for the implementation and improvement of such systems in a similar context. The results obtained showed that the wetlands were able to effectively remove contaminants, with a drastic reduction observed in all categories. The results obtained from artificial wetlands are significant, positioning them as a viable option for the treatment of domestic wastewater. This suggests its possible future implementation as a complementary system.