Validación experimental de una metodología de monitoreo de bajo costo basada en IoT para el diagnóstico higrotérmico en estructuras de tapia pisada.

Abstract

The tapestry structures in Colombia represent a built heritage of great cultural value, whose long-term performance depends mainly on their behavior as a porous reactive medium in constant interaction with the hygrotermic environment. In humid tropical climates, the deterioration mechanisms are due not so much to isolated events, but to cumulative processes of hygrotermic fatigue linked to the progressive decrease of matrix suction, phenomena that are not adequately addressed by current static regulations.This study experimentally validates an integrated methodological framework for predictive diagnosis, which combines IoT monitoring (The Internet of Things), multiphysics HAMT modeling (Combined Heat, Air and Humidity Transfer) and inverse parameter calibration, applied to a pedestrianized tapestry building about a century old in a humid tropical climate. The methodology includes physical-mechanical and hygrothermal characterization in laboratory, continuous monitoring in situ using an Edge Computing architecture, numerical simulation by finite elements and statistical validation according to international standards.The results allow quantifying the hygrotermic regime of the material, identifying structural vulnerabilities not detectable by traditional inspection, estimating local parameters of SWRC (Soil Water Retention Curve) and to define an operational classification of the hypothermic risk with early warning thresholds based on a digital twin of the building system. Taken together, this methodology demonstrates the technical and economic feasibility of integrating IoT monitoring, multiphysics modeling, and reverse calibration as a tool for predictive management of net wealth built on tapestry.