Estudio patológico y estrategia de rehabilitación para edificaciones existentes, y criterios a tener en cuenta para edificaciones nuevas. Caso de estudio manzana ubicada entre las carreras 15 y 16a y las calles 77 y 79, barrio el Lago.

Abstract

This study develops a comprehensive pathological assessment of the block located between Carrera 15 and 16A and Calle 77 and 79 in the El Lago neighborhood (Bogotá D.C.), with the aim of structuring a replicable methodological model for both the rehabilitation of existing buildings with advanced deterioration and the definition of preventive criteria applicable to the design and construction of new buildings within consolidated urban environments undergoing renovation processes. The research adopts a mixed technical-regulatory and perceptual approach, articulating three fundamental components: i) survey of structural damage through standardized visual inspection, ii) comparative analysis with national and international regulatory frameworks applicable to existing and new structures (ISO 13822, ASCE 41-17, NSR-10, AIS 100-24, POT 555/2021, and IDIGER Guidelines), and iii) collection of social perceptions through a survey of residents, merchants, and pedestrians. The normative analysis made it possible to establish a hierarchical methodological framework based on level-based assessment, seismic performance verification, and the correlation between damage types, severity, and risk to the pedestrian environment. The triangulation between technical criteria and citizen perception highlighted the need to address deterioration not only as a material phenomenon, but also as an urban management problem associated with the absence of preventive maintenance, weak control of adjacent works, and a lack of integration between renovation and conservation policies for structures. Consequently, the adoption of an intervention model based on risk prioritization matrices, rehabilitation protocols differentiated by type of pathology, and construction guidelines for new buildings that guarantee structural compatibility, control of impacts on neighboring properties, and protection of public space is proposed. This approach allows for a transition from reactive management of deterioration to preventive management of built heritage, providing direct input for the formulation of technical and public policy guidelines applicable to areas undergoing transformation such as Unilago–El Lago.