Estudio de la calidad del concreto en estructura de vivienda multifamiliar desarrollada por autoconstrucción en el sector de Patio Bonito Bogotá DC.

Abstract

This study reviews the pathologies found in a housing unit with progressive development in informal neighborhoods in Bogotá. The building process was conducted directly by the landowner, with the help of unskilled labor and collaborative community work. The house did not have soil studies, architectural designs, structural designs, or professional assistance. It should be noted that the development was progressive, starting with a superficial foundation and unreinforced masonry walls that in its second stage was consolidated with the construction of a solid concrete slab. In its third stage, the second floor was made in masonry walls partially with a concrete plate and then a third was built, which is complemented by a partial development of the lot at the level of a fourth floor. The construction system on the first floor can be associated with porticoes, but on the following floors the porticos disappear and become a partially confined masonry system. This construction system is widespread in the sector, making these constructions vulnerable to seismic phenomena and subject to urgent intervention to reduce the very high probability of collapse in the event of seismic events, safeguard the lives of their inhabitants and consolidate the only patrimony of families. The pathologies initially observed are related to deficient construction processes, low concrete strength, combined structural systems (gantries and partially confined masonry), reduction of concrete sections from one floor to the next, cracks in the concrete elements, among others. Given the nature of the property and the socio-economic situation of the home, characteristic of the entire neighborhood and in general of the 3000 neighborhoods in Bogotá that have similar conditions (500,000 homes), the present work seeks to characterize the quality of the concrete of the building with the use of destructive tests (cores) and non-destructive tests (sclerometers and ultrasound) and compare the results obtained in order to determine the reliability of the tests based on Non-destructive techniques for the pathological studies of this type of buildings, with the advantages in terms of time and cost for households.