Sistema de Créditos Sociales en China: un Análisis desde el Paradigma de la Gobernanza Digital

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to analyze how social credits have been created since 2014 with the aim of maintaining transparency and control between the State, companies and people, as well as to see how the social credit system (SCS) has affected China's governance and has become digital surveillance. Social credits in China have caused controversy because they threaten people's human rights. The recent Five-Year Plans to strengthen the SCS will be analyzed and from the perspective of the digital governance paradigm, we will see how the SCS have become an important tool for the government, in addition to generating and seeing clear frictions with the ideology and history of the single-party model that China manages. This study will be based on taking a look at various documentary sources collected with an interpretive approach to how the social credit system since the years 2020 2023 with the help of new technologies and artificial intelligence has managed to advance significantly in the areas where this pilot program has been implemented and its slow transformation into digital surveillance and its friction with the single-party system. The results and conclusions that can be drawn are that thanks to the implementation of the five-year plans that reinforce the SCS hand in hand with artificial intelligence, they have achieved significant results such as increasing transparency among those involved. At the same time, it can be seen that this system works at the expense of the privacy of individuals, creating friction with the human rights charter and Western countries. Despite the fact that countries opposed to China want to make it seem that the social credit system represents a threat to people, positive things can be observed that even some countries have begun to implement, with the difference being that to participate in this system, participation is voluntary.