Estudio Patológico para Intervención en la Institución Educativa Hilda Aguilar Meneses, en el Municipio de La Jagua de Ibirico, Cesar

Abstract

This study aimed to diagnose the construction pathologies present in the infrastructure of the Hilda Aguilar Meneses Educational Institution, located in La Jagua de Ibirico, Cesar, in order to propose technical solutions for its rehabilitation and maintenance. The building is exposed to adverse climatic conditions, such as high temperatures and frequent rainfall, which have accelerated the deterioration of materials and the appearance of cracks, moisture, ef. florescence, and settlements. These issues have raised concern among the educational community regarding the safety of students and teachers (Cesar, 2024). The methodology included visual inspections, photographic records, destructive and non-destructive tests on concrete blocks, as well as a regulatory review in accordance with NSR-10, NTC 5551, and ASTM standards. Inactive cracks up to 2 cm wide were identified, mainly associated with construction defects, particularly the lack of proper wall bonding (ICONTEC, 2007), (Ministerio de Ambiente, 2010)The tested concrete blocks showed average compressive strengths ranging from 10.98 MPa to 12.32 MPa, acceptable for non-structural elements, though lower on the ground floors. The average absorption rate was 15.7%, exceeding the 13.5% limit for exterior use, representing a risk in humid conditions. The main conclusions indicate that the pathologies originate from both construction errors and deficiencies in the rainwater drainage system. Proposed interventions include sealing cracks with epoxy products, façade waterproofing, partial replacement of porous blocks, and redesign of the rainwater evacuation system. A preventive maintenance plan was also formulated (Duabitad, 2025). These actions aim to restore functionality, extend the building’s service life, and ensure safe and healthy conditions for the school community.