Implementación de energías renovables a escala piloto, para abastecimiento eléctrico con un sistema híbrido eólico-solar y de biogás en una vivienda rural ubicada en Zipaquirá, Cundinamarca

Abstract

As the population grows, so do basic needs to meet, one of them is energy demand; because there are many forms of generation, some more sustainable than others, but that a balance has not yet been achieved where renewable energy is given a good percentage in the global energy matrix, only in the last decade and to date have renewable energy taken a significant force to combat climate change due to much of the exploitation of fossil fuels. In Colombia, there has been an attempt to set aside the generation by fossil fuels and is more aimed at a hydroelectric generation, which also have its impacts on the environment and that has a good percentage of energy generation in the country, that is why in Colombia it must seek to implement more renewable energy projects, where you can take advantage of all the resources available in our territory to be able to transform them into energy and be able to provide this service to the less NIENCs (Non-Interconnected Zones).

The next project was carried out in order to size and implement on a pilot scale a system of electricity generation and biogas according to the demand of a rural house inhabited by two people, located in the municipality of Zipaquirá, in the rural area of the moor of Guerrero. This area has a power grid and the house has power service; however, it presents problems of intermittent. Through the development of this work, an energy alternative was provided with the implementation of solar, wind renewable energies and the use of residual biomass for biogas generation.

A hybrid (solar - wind) system was sized, with storage in reused batteries in order to reduce implementation costs considering that the maintenance and purchase of batteries in a renewable energy system is one of the most costly operations. 65% of the required demand for energy by the home, as well as some costs of system implementation due to wind turbine construction and battery regeneration procedures, were met.

The regeneration process consisted of a filtration for the cleaning of the sulphuric acid of a standard 12 V trolley battery, 115 Ah and the addition of acid to 60% until the required concentration of the latter was adjusted to 32%; Subsequently, the battery was recharged with a source for 24 hours until a voltage of 12 V. Finally, a discharge test was performed using electrical resistors and the discharge cycle time was measured, to know the capacity of the regenerated battery. On the other hand, an anaerobic biodigestor for the generation of biogas from domestic organic waste, pruning and bovine slurry was sized and implemented; Due to the climatic conditions of the place, a thermal insulation system was built by means of enchating in the greenhouse housing style with insulating walls that minimized the loss of caloric energy of the biodigestor to favor metabolic processes.