Propuesta metodológica con enfoque hidro-geomorfológico para la evaluación de la amenaza por inundación, como herramienta de expansión urbana. Caso de estudio Puerto López Meta.

Abstract

Floods constitute the most recurrent socio-natural phenomenon in the Colombian territory, gaining significant importance starting from the La Niña phenomenon in 2010-2011, which affected over 60% of the municipalities. This scenario underscores the pressing need to examine in greater detail the proposed methodologies to understand the behavior of rivers and flooding phenomena. In the context of this thesis, two methodological approaches are addressed to obtain zoning for urban flood threats in the municipality of Puerto López, Meta. One of these approaches is the hydraulic methodological analysis, a deterministic and mathematical method that seeks to understand how a flow behaves with a certain return period in the channel. The second approach is the historical geomorphological heuristic method, aimed at analyzing fluvial dynamics over time through the interpretation of satellite images and digital models. The main objective of this work is to complement both methodological approaches and subsequently relate them through a correlation matrix. This resulted in a hydro-geomorphological analysis model that can not only be replicated in other municipalities but also emerges as a valuable tool for territorial planning to understand flooding phenomena and their evolution in both spatial and temporal terms, facilitating the identification of reliable and safe areas for urban expansion.