Análisis de Mercados con Relación a Carne de Pollo Producida por Método de Crianza Tradicional y Carne de Pollo Libre de Antibiótico Promotores de Crecimiento en Santander

Abstract

The production and marketing of chicken meat (Gallus gallus domesticus) worldwide have been fundamental pillars of government policies and strategies in many countries, aimed at ensuring food sovereignty (Restrepo, 2021). In Latin America, countries such as Brazil have demonstrated that the implementation of more efficient and productive methods in chicken meat production and marketing can significantly boost this industry, making it a key component of the national economy (Bernal and Cortez, 2020). According to Zuazo and Amarista (2023), the Peruvian poultry industry plays a prominent role in the agro-industrial sector, ranking first with a 53% share of the country’s agro-industrial sector. In Colombia, the poultry industry has experienced significant growth compared to previous decades, as a result of a strong commitment between government agencies and the agribusiness sector, focused on improving infrastructure and sanitary conditions (FENAVI, 2024). Although the national poultry industry has made significant strides in terms of chicken meat production and marketing, the last two quarters of 2023 showed a slight slowdown due to inflationary pressures, the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, and political changes at the national level (FENAVI, 2024). Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that, in the last quarter of 2023, poultry production showed a recovery, outperforming other production systems such as beef and pork (FENAVI, 2024). Nationally, the department of Santander ranks among the top five departments in terms of chicken meat production and marketing, contributing significantly to the country’s poultry GDP (Acevedo, Cortés, and Habson, 2006). Moyano (2021) used a market analysis to determine the dynamics of chicken meat consumption in a municipality in Santander, which highlights the importance of this protein in the household food basket of Santander residents. This trend of exponential growth in chicken meat production and sales has raised growing concerns among consumers about product quality. To address these concerns, it is crucial to examine the production systems used, particularly the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry feed—a practice that has improved the absorption and utilization of nutrients in the feed provided (Prado and García, 2024). However, the inappropriate use of these antibiotics has led to the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which poses a significant problem for human health and the environment, in turn generating growing concerns regarding public health and environmental sustainability (Caller et al., 2023; Portella et al., 2023). These concerns have led to a shift in consumer perception, with consumers placing increasing importance on the traceability of the products they consume, which could have negative repercussions on chicken consumption, significantly affecting the poultry industry (Haque et al., 2020). Based on the above, the following research question is formulated: What are the perceptions of consumers in the department of Santander regarding chicken meat produced using traditional rearing methods versus chicken meat produced using rearing methods free of growth-promoting antibiotics, and how do these perceptions influence their purchasing decisions?