Sistemas de drenaje urbano sostenible (SUD´s) y su modelación en SWMM

Abstract

The changes generated in land use and the lack of vegetation in populated centers and especially in cities cause an increase in the impermeability of surfaces. The result of these processes is greater volumes of runoff water on the surface in response to the stimulus generated by precipitation. Taking into account that the rate of water infiltration in the soil decreases, by combining the lack of permeability of the surfaces and high-intensity precipitation events, the probability of flooding increases (Goonetilleke, Thomas, Ginn, & Gilbert , 2005). Paradoxically, there has been a confrontation between urban development and water management; even when it is undeniable that this precious resource is becoming scarcer every day. Day by day, urban surfaces become less permeable, thus modifying the natural flows of the hydrological cycle, affecting groundwater recharge and increasing the rate of runoff of water on the ground surface. Urbanization considerably affects runoff (Goonetilleke, Thomas, Ginn, & Gilbert, 2005), not only in volumes of water transported but also in pollution load. Alternative approaches are required to develop sustainable water systems in the urban environment, as components of a solution that allows integrating strategies within a landscape of organization and nature, where it tends to generate conditions similar to the natural ones of the basin, prior to the process. urban planning, which impact in the middle of cities, integrating landscape and architectural factors that provide elements of visual harmony in the environment (Saraswat, Kumar, & Mishra, 2016).